Chapter 1

Question 1

Analysis

Answer 1

Separation of a whole into its component parts. Taking an idea down to component parts in order to understand it more fully.

Question 2

Centralization

Answer 2

The consolidation of power and authority in a center or central organization

Question 3

Cynicism

Answer 3

Pessimism, contemptuous distrustfulness.

Question 4

Empiricism

Answer 4

1: The practice of relying on observation and experiment, especially in the natural sciences 2: a theory that all knowledge originates in experience.

Question 5

Humanism

Answer 5

1a: a doctrine, attitude, or way of life centered on human interests or values; esp: a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual’s dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason 1b: a system of thought teaching man as the source of truth and ethics.

Question 6

Incarnate, adjective

Answer 6

1a: invested with bodily and especially human nature and form 1b: made manifest or comprehensible: embodied.

Question 7

Incarnate, verb

Answer 7

to make incarnate: as a: to give bodily form and substance to b (1): to give a concrete or actual form to : actualize (2): to constitute an embodiment or type of

Question 8

Materialism

Answer 8

1a: a theory that physical matter is the only or fundamental reality and that all being and processes and phenomena can be explained as manifestations or results of matter 1b: a doctrine that the only or the highest values or objectives lie in material well-being and in the furtherance of material progress 1c: a doctrine that economic or social change is materially cased 2: a preoccupation with or stress upon material rather than intellectual or spiritual things.

Question 9

Presupposition

Answer 9

The underlying assumptions on which a philosophical system is built.

Question 10

Reform

Answer 10

1a: to chance into an improved form or condition 1b: to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses 2: to put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action 3: to induce or cause to abandon evil ways.

Question 11

Skepticism

Answer 11

1: an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object 2a: the doctrine that rue knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is uncertain 2b: the method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt, or criticism characteristic of skeptics 3: doubt concerning basic religious principles (as immorality, providence, and revelation)