6 The Reformation Parliament

Question 1

Who was the main focus on MP’s grievences and a summary of why

Answer 1

• Cardinal Wolsey
• He embodied much of what was considered the failings of the Church

Question 2

Why was Cardinal Wolsey the main focus of MP’s grievences

Answer 2

• He attended court each day in a prcoession accompainied by liveried servants - the opposite of humility he should show as a member of the clergy
• Fine living and acquisuiton of great palaces - achieved by simony
• Not only Archbishop of York, buyt also havbe livings in Winchester and Durham - pluralism
• Father of at least one child - impropriety

Question 3

Apart from Cardinal Wolsey, what were MP’s critical of

Answer 3

• Church Courts, and how the clergy would appeal to Rome rather than face English courts
• Excess fines for probate and moruary fees

Question 4

What is importnat to remember about the target of MP’s grievences

Answer 4

They were focussed on abuses of Church practices, rather than the Church’s doctrine or liturgy

Question 5

When did the Reformation Parliament stand

Answer 5

1529-36

Question 6

What act did Parliament pass against Wolsey, that was supported by Henry, and what did it give Henry

Answer 6

• Act of Attainder
• Allowed him to obtain his palaces of Hampton Couret and Whitehall

Question 7

What and when was the downfall and death of Wolsey

Answer 7

• Summoned to court, accused of treason
• Fell ill on the journey and died in November 1530

Question 8

Who masterminded the management of Parliament’s grievances, leading to the break from Rome

Answer 8

Thomas Cromwell

Question 9

What was henry’s first tactic to seek an annulment

Answer 9

Depriving the Pope’s authority

Question 10

What was Henry’s first attempt at depriving the Pope’s authority, and what was the result from this

Answer 10

• Late 1530
• Charged 15 churchmen in England and Wales with premanurie
• The convocation agreed to pay Henry £100,000 and change his title to Supreme Head of the Church in England and Wales
• Further enshirned in an act of Parliamdent - Act for the Submission of the Clergy,1532

Question 11

What was the Pope’s response to the Submission of the Clergy, 1532

Answer 11

No response

Question 12

What and when was the Supplication of the Ordinaries

Answer 12

• 1532
• petition passed by the House of Commons as a result of their grievences
• Particular focus on charges of heresy made by the clergy against the laity, which were largely untrue and would lead to severe punishment

Question 13

What was Henry’s second tactic in seeking an annulment

Answer 13

Directly attack the finances of Rome

Question 14

What and when was the Act to Remove the Annates

Answer 14

• 1532
• Remove Rome’s chief source of revenue from England

Question 15

What is significant about the way the Act to Remove the Annates, 1532 was passed

Answer 15

• Henry was present in the House of Commons when MP’s passed the law
• Parliament were no longer pasing laws purely from their own grievences

Question 16

What were the opinions of the Pope and many others in England in 1532/33

Answer 16

• Assumed Henry’s attacks on Rome would be temporary measures
• As soon as his infatuation with Anne Boleyn was over, he would return to his pre-exisiting situation

Question 17

Up until August 1532, who was acting on behalf of the Pope in England

Answer 17

• Archbishop of Canterbury
• Warham
• Refused to grant annulment

Question 18

What was Henry’s following action to Warham’s death in August 1532

Answer 18

• Travelled to Calais to gain support of Francis I
• Although Francis I refused to formally accept Anne as royalty, he accepted Henry, and didn’t refuse their marriage proposal

Question 19

Why was French support so crucial in Henry securing an annulment

Answer 19

As Henry would not marry Anne if opposed by both Francis I and Charles V

Question 20

When were Henry and Anne secretly married, and by whom

Answer 20

• January 1533
• Thomas Cranmer, the new Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 21

From the start of 1533, why was it so crucial that Henry seek an annulment

Answer 21

• Anne was preganat
• It was crucial the marriage was declared null and void
• To ensure the child’s validity

Question 22

By 1533, what did Henry realsie he needed to do to ensure his child’s validity

Answer 22

Needed to break from Rome and establish Royal Supremacy, in order to grant his own annulment

Question 23

When month and year the Act for the Restrain of Appeals

Answer 23

March 1533

Question 24

What was the Act for the Restriant of Appeals, 1533 - and why was it so effective

Answer 24

• Forbade all appeals to the Pope in Rome on religious or other matters making the King the final legal authority of all matters within England
• It was carefully crafted by Cromwell, principally to block Catherine of Aragon’s appeal

Question 25

When was Henry’s annulment to Catherine made official and how

Answer 25

• 5th April 1533
• The convocation ruled that the marriage between Henry and Catherine could not be nullified by the Pope, but only that of a court

Question 26

From what point was Henry seeking religious reformation rather than an annulment

Answer 26

After the 5th April 1533, when the convocation ruled that the marriage between Henry and Catherine could not be nullified by the Pope, but only that of a court

Question 27

What was passed during parliament’s first session of 1534

Answer 27

• Confirmed the removal of the payments of the Annates to Rome
• Confirmed supreme legal authority to the King
• Passed the Act forbidding papl dispensation and the payment of Peter’s Pence, 1534
• First Act of Succession, 1534

Question 28

What did the Act forbidding papal dispensation and the payment of Peter’s pence, 1534 enforce

Answer 28

• The prohibition of another annual tax to Rome
• Placed all ecclesiastical powers in the hands of the King

Question 29

What did the First Act of Succession, 1534 enforce

Answer 29

• Declared Mary to be illegitimate, securing the line of succsession for Anne’s children
• Became treason to deny the succession

Question 30

What was passed in the second parliamentary session, 1534

Answer 30

• Allowed Henry to collect the first fruits and thenths, which were taxes previously paid to Rome
• It became treasonable to call the monarch a heretic or schismatic

Question 31

How did Cromwell and Wolsey associate pre-c1529

Answer 31

Cromwell acted as Wolsey’s principal advisor, and in the late 1520’s helped dissolve over thirty monasteries