Physiological Psychology: Anatomy of the Brain

Question 1

Basic Subdivisions of the Brain

Answer 1

1. Hindbrain
2. Midbrain
3. Forebrain

Question 2

Hindbrain

Answer 2

Where the spinal cord meets the brain. Its primary functions include balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion and general arousal processes. It manages the vital functions necessary for survival.

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

Located just above the Hindbrain. Also known as Mesencephalon. It manages the sensorimotor reflexes that also promote survival.

Question 4

Forebrain

Answer 4

Located above the Midbrain. It manages complex perceptual, cognitive and behavioral processes. It is associated with emotion and memory.

Question 5

Brainstem

Answer 5

The primary form evolutionary developed that encompasses the hindbrain and midbrain. It is known as the most primitive region of the brain.

Question 6

Limbic System

Answer 6

A group of neural structures primarily associated with emotion and memory.

Question 7

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 7

The outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres. It is associated with everything else. (language processing, problem solving and long-term planning)

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

The evolutionary development of an organism.

Question 9

Parts of the Hindbrain

Answer 9

1. Medulla Oblongata
2. Cerebellum
3. Reticular Formation

Question 10

Cerebullum

Answer 10

At the top of the hindbrain, it maintains posture, balance and coordinates bodily movements.

Question 11

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 11

The lower brain structure that is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure.

Question 12

Reticular Formation

Answer 12

Connects the hindbrain to the midbrain. It regulates arousal, alertness and attention.

Question 13

Parts of the Midbrain

Answer 13

1. Superior Colliculus

2. Inferior Colliculus

Question 14

Superior Colliculus

Answer 14

Manages visual sensory input

Question 15

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 15

Manages auditory sensory input

Question 16

Parts of the Forebrain

Answer 16

1. Cerebral Cortex
2. Basal Ganglia
3. Limbic System
4. Thalamus
5. Hypothalamus

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

It receives input information and transmits them accordingly. (Post Office)

Question 18

Divisions of the Hypothalamus

Answer 18

1. Lateral Hypothalamus
2. Ventromedial Hypothalamus
3. Anterior Hypothalamus

Question 19

Hypothalamus

Answer 19

Manages emotional experiences during high arousal states, aggressive behavior and sexual behavior. It also manages hormone levels. Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting and Sexual Functioning.

Question 20

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 20

It manages food and fluids.

Question 21

Aphagia

Answer 21

The disorder in which the Lateral Hypothalamus is destroyed and the body doesn’t know when it is supposed to eat.

Question 22

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Answer 22

It controls when a body is full.

Question 23

Hyperphagia

Answer 23

The disorder where an individual excessively eats

Question 24

Relationship between Cortex and Hypothalamus

Answer 24

The hypothalamus determines the “flight or fight” response and the cortex manages the “flight or fight” response.

Question 25

Anterior Hypothalamus

Answer 25

It manages sexual activity

Question 26

Basal Ganglia

Answer 26

Coordinates the muscle movements by receiving information from the cortext and sending it through the extrapyramidal motor system to the spinal cord.

Question 27

Extrapyramidal Motor System

Answer 27

Gathers information regarding the body's movements and makes our movements smooth.

Question 28

Chronic Disease associated with Basal Ganglia.

Answer 28

1. Parkinson's Disease | 2. Schizophrenia

Question 29

Ventricles

Answer 29

Fluid-filled cavities in the middle of the brain that link up with the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord.

Question 30

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 30

The fluid that fills the ventricles and the spinal cord.

Question 31

Limbic System

Answer 31

A group of interconnected structures around the central portion of the brain. It is associated with emotion and memory.

Question 32

Parts of the Limbic System

Answer 32

1. Septal Nuclei 2. Amygdala 3. Hippocampus

Question 33

Septal Nuclei

Answer 33

One of the pleasure centers and aggression management centers in the brain.

Question 34

James Olds & Peter Milner

Answer 34

Conducted a study where rats could stimulate their septal nuclei at will.

Question 35

Septal Rage

Answer 35

When the septal nuclei is damaged and aggressive behaviors are "unchecked."

Question 36

Amygdala

Answer 36

Manages defensive and aggressive behaviors

Question 37

Heinrick Kluver & Paul Bucy

Answer 37

Conducted a study regarding the amygdala and defensive and aggressive behaviors in monkeys.

Question 38

Kluver - Bucy Syndrome

Answer 38

Changes in animals that resulted in bilateral removal of the amygdala

Question 39

Hippocampus

Answer 39

Manages learning and memory

Question 40

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 40

A disorder where an individual is not able to establish new long-term memories and memory is intact

Question 41

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 41

A disorder where an individual suffers from memory loss after a brain injury.

Question 42

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 42

The outer surface of the brain.

Question 43

Neocortex

Answer 43

"New" "Bark" aka Cerebral Cortex

Question 44

Convolution

Answer 44

The numerous bumps and folds on the cerebral cortex

Question 45

Cerebral Hemisphere

Answer 45

The 2 halves of the cerebral cortex

Question 46

4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 46

1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe 3. Occipital Lobe 4. Temporal Lobe F- POT

Question 47

Regions of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 47

Prefrontal Lobe Motor Cortex Broca's Area

Question 48

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 48

Supervises cognitive and behavioral processes

Question 49

Association Areas

Answer 49

An area which combines input from different brain regions

Question 50

Projection Areas

Answer 50

An area that receives incoming sensory information and sends out motor-impulse commands.

Question 51

Examples of Projection Areas

Answer 51

Visual Cortex | Motor Cortex

Question 52

Prefrontal Lobotomies

Answer 52

A medical procedure to treat schizophrenia where a scalpel was inserted through a hole in the skull and would disconnect the frontal lobe from the limbic system and hypothalamus. (separating mood and emotion from exectutive functioning) Never used again.

Question 53

Motor Cortex

Answer 53

Initiates motor movements by sending neural impulses down the spinal cord and towards the muscle.

Question 54

Broca's Area

Answer 54

A small region that is located in an individual's "dominant" hemisphere and managing speech production.

Question 55

Parietal Lobe

Answer 55

Supervises touch, temperature and pain.

Question 56

Regions of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 56

Somatosensory Cortex | Central Region of Parietal Lobe

Question 57

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 57

A projection area that receives information regarding touch, pressure, temperature and pain.

Question 58

Central Region of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 58

Manages spatial processing and spatial manipulation

Question 59

Occipital Lobe

Answer 59

Supervises vision

Question 60

Striate Cortex

Answer 60

Aka visual cortex.

Question 61

David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel

Answer 61

Conducted research regarding the visual cortex

Question 62

Temporal Lobes

Answer 62

Supervises hearing

Question 63

Regions of the Temporal Lobe

Answer 63

Auditory Cortex | Wernike's Area

Question 64

Wernike's Area

Answer 64

Associated with language reception and comprehension.

Question 65

Contralaterally

Answer 65

The left side of your brain moves your right side of your body and vice versa

Question 66

Ipsilaterally

Answer 66

The left of your brain moves the left side of your body and vice versa

Question 67

Dominant versus Nondominant Hemispheres

Answer 67

The dominate hemisphere is responsible for detail-oriented tasks and executive functions associated with detailed activities. (usually the left hemisphere) The nondominant hemisphere is associated with intuition and creativity.

Question 68

Roger Sperry & Micheal Gazzaniga

Answer 68

Conducted a study in regards to severing the corpus callusum

Question 69

Corpus Callusum

Answer 69

A large collection of fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres.