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Phase 1 - S1 Medical Cell Biology And Genetics > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Genetic material made up of DNA and proteins

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of chromatin?

A

Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

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3
Q

What type of chromatin is used for gene expression and why?

A

Euchromatin as the DNA is not tightly wound so it is easy for transcription to occur

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4
Q

Why can’t heterochromatin be involved in gene expression?

A

The DNA is tightly wrapped around proteins to form solenoids

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5
Q

What are the features of a prokaryotic cell?

A

No nucleus, cell wall, lacks most organelles, reactions take place in one compartment as there are no internal membranes

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6
Q

What are the functions of the plasmalemma? (5)

A 
Allows for endocytosis and exocytosis 
Intercellular adhesion
Signal transduction 
Recognition 
Selective permeability
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7
Q

What are the 2 faces of the Golgi called?

A

The Formed/Cis face (where proteins are received) and the Budding/Trans face (where proteins are secreted)

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8
Q

What is the function of the Golgi?

A

Modifies, sorts and packages proteins

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9
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Vesicles generated by the Golgi containing hydrolytic enzymes

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10
Q

What is the cell coat of lysosomes made up of?

A

Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which stop the lysosome digesting everything

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11
Q

What is the cell coat of a lysosome called?

A

Glycocalyx

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12
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Vesicles that detoxify compounds using catalase to oxidise toxic molecules

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13
Q

Where are peroxisomes most commonly found?

A

Liver and Kidney

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of filaments in the cytoskeleton?

A

Actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

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15
Q

What are microtubules made up of?

A

Tubulin

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16
Q

Where are microtubules found?

A

Where structures move e.g. Cilia, flagella and mitotic spindle

17
Q

Which is the biggest filament in the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules

18
Q

What is the mitochondria the site of?

A

ATP/energy production

19
Q

From whom do you inherit your mitochondria?

A

Mother

20
Q

What do mitochondria contain?

A

They’re own genome, enzymes for oxidative reaction and ribosomes

21
Q

What is a secondary lysosome?

A

A lysosome that has already fused with a bacteria and contains its residue

22
Q

What is the function of the SER?

A

Lipid production

23
Q

What is the function of the RER?

A

The ribosome on the outside is where mRNA is translated.

24
Q

What is the difference in shape between the RER and the SER?

A

The RER compromises of flat cisterna whereas the SER is tubular not flat

25
Q

What is an amphipathic molecule?

A

One which has polar and non polar parts

26
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

A

Polar, hydrophilic head and a non polar, hydrophobic fatty acid tail

27
Q

Why is it useful for eucaryotic cells to be compartmentalised?

A

So that reactions don’t interfere with each other meaning that many reactions can occur

28
Q

What is the hydrophilic part of a phospholipid molecule and what is the hydrophobic part?

A

Hydrophilic=polar head

Hydrophobic = nonpolar, fatty acid tail

29
Q

What is the word that means lipid production?

A

Steriodogenesis

30
Q

What does constitutive secretion mean?

A

The proteins are constantly released

31
Q

Why are lysosomes acidic on the inside?

A

As they contain many hydrolytic enzymes

32
Q

How could you tell the difference between a TEM of a lysosome and a peroxisome?

A

Peroxisomes are darker

33
Q

What features do steroidogenic cells have?

A

Lots of SER to produce steroids

34
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

It is made up of 5 uncondensed chromosomes forming a circular area of heterochromatin that contains sequences of ribosomal DNA

Phase 1 - S1 Medical Cell Biology And Genetics (13 decks)

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