Renal & Reproduction Pharmacology

Question 1

Lisinopril

Answer 1

Zestril
ACE Inhibitor
Slows progression of kidney injury in pts w/ diabetes
AE: persistant cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, teratogenic

Question 2

Losartan

Answer 2

Cozaar
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
Does not cause the ACE-I induced cough
AE: teratogenic, angioedema, hyperkalemia

Question 3

Amlodipine

Answer 3

Norvasc
Calcium Channel Blocker
Prevents vasoconstriction
Can cause a reflexive tachycardia, peripheral edema

Question 4

Hydralazine

Answer 4

Vasodilator
Causes arterial vasodilation
AE: reflex tachycardia, can systemic lupus erythematosus (rash)
Dont use in pregnancy

Question 5

Metoprolol

Answer 5

Lopressor
Beta Adrenergic Blocker
B1 blocker
Decreased cardiac output, suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilators, reduces release of renin, longer term use reduces peripheral vascular resistance
AE: bradycardia, heart block, bronchoconstriction
Don’t give with pulse less than 60

Question 6

Labetalol

Answer 6

Trandate
Combination Beta & Alpha Blocker
Decreased cardiac output, suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilators, reduces release of renin, longer term use reduces peripheral vascular resistance
AE: bradycardia, heart block, bronchoconstriction
Don’t give with pulse less than 60

Question 7

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 7

Macrobid & Macrodantin
Nitrofuran Antibiotic
Only therapeutic concentrations in urine
Damages bacterial cell DNA
Some gram + and some gram -
Available in 3 salt forms
Avoid in patients with less than CrCl 40
Brown urine, GI disturbances, pulmonary reactions, agranulocytosis, peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity

Question 8

Trimethorpim/Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 8

Bactrim & Septra
Sulfonamide Antibiotic
Inhibits folate synthesis 
Synergistic effect
Broad spectrum
Interacts with Warfarin
Hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, kernicterus, renal dysfunction, hypersensitivity (Steven's-Johnson Syndrome)