Eye Diseases 1

Question 1

Diseases of the Eye

Answer 1

	Conjunctivitis
	Entropion
	Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
	“Cherry Eye” 
	Glaucoma

Question 2

Conjunctivitis

Answer 2

 “Red Eye”

 Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids

Question 3

Conjunctivitis Etiology

Answer 3

◦	Infection
	Viral-2
	Bacterial- 1
	Fungal -3
◦	Environmental irritation
◦	Foreign body
◦	Allergy

Question 4

Conjunctivitis Clinical Signs:

Answer 4

◦ Red conjunctiva
◦ Chemosis: swelling of conjunctiva
◦ Pain
◦ Discharge

Question 5

Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis

Answer 5

History
Clinical signs
Cytology, Culture

Question 6

Treatment of Conjunctivitis

Answer 6

Eliminate primary cause
Topical medications:
	antibiotics
	antivirals
	anti inflammatories

Question 7

Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1):

Answer 7

◦ Common viral infection of cats.
◦ >80% cats infected as kittens.
◦ Causes upper respiratory and ocular signs.

Question 8

FHV-1 Etiology:

Answer 8

◦ Kittens infected by aerosolized virus contacting eyes and upper respiratory tract mucosa.
◦ Can cause respiratory signs and conjunctivitis.
◦ Clinical signs last 10 to 14 days.
◦ >80% of cats have latent infections that can recrudesce causing eye & respiratory signs later in life.

Question 9

FHV-1 Clinical Signs:

Answer 9

◦ Chemosis
◦ Epiphora
◦ Discharge
◦ Sneezing

Question 10

FHV-1 Treatment:

Answer 10

◦ Antiviral eye drops.
◦ L-Lysine supplements.
◦ Nonsteroidal anti inflamatory eye drops.

Question 11

HV-1 Diagnosis:

Answer 11

◦ Clinical Signs

◦ PCR from conjunctival or corneal swabs.

Question 12

Entropion

Answer 12

◦ Inversion of the eyelid margins

◦ Most often diagnosed in animals less than 1 yr. old

Question 13

Entropion Etiology:

Answer 13

◦ Inversion of all or part of the eye lid margin.
◦ Friction of haired skin on the cornea causes irritation.
◦ Chronic irritation can cause scar tissue or corneal ulcers.
◦ Can be seen in young puppies.

Question 14

Breeds predisposed to Entropion:

Answer 14

◦ Shar pei
◦ Brachiocephalic breeds.
◦ Giant breeds

Question 15

Entropion Clinical Signs:

Answer 15

◦ Chronic tearing or “epiphora”
◦ Mucoid or purulent discharge.
◦ Corneal ulcer.
◦ Hyperpigmentation of cornea.

Question 16

Diagnosis of entropion

Answer 16

Clinical signs

Fluorescein stain

Question 17

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)

Answer 17

 “dry eye”

 Lack of normal tear production

Question 18

KCS Etiology:

Answer 18

	Unknown (i.e. idiopathic)
	Drug induced: sulfonamide antibiotics
	Autoimmune disease
	Distemper virus infection
	FHV-1 in cats

Question 19

KCS Clinical Signs

Answer 19

	Dry corneas
	Conjunctivitis
	Mucopurulent ocular discharge
	Corneal ulcers
	Rubbing eyes
	Squinting

Question 20

KCS Diagnosis

Answer 20

• Clinical signs

* Schirmer Tear Test

Question 21

KCS Treatment

Answer 21

	Topical Eye Medications:
◦	Artificial Tears
◦	Cyclosporin: Stimulates tear production
◦	Anti inflammatories
◦	Antibiotics if infection is present.

Question 22

Cherry Eye

Answer 22

◦ Disease characterized by inflammation of the gland at the base of the third eyelid w/ external prolapse
◦ Most common in young dogs

Question 23

Etiology of Cherry Eye

Answer 23

Hereditary: gland not held in place by attachment to surrounding tissue

Question 24

Clinical Signs of Cherry Eye

Answer 24

large red mass prolapsed over the 3rd eyelid, mucopurulent ocular discharge

Question 25

Diagnosis and Treatment of Cherry Eye

Answer 25

 Diagnosis -Clinical signs

 Treatment Surgery- tack gland in place w/ sutures