SG Acute Renal Failure

Question 1

What is the normal length of an adult kidney?

Answer 1

9-12 cm

Question 2

If the FENa is

Answer 2

pre-renal

Question 3

How do NSAIDs contribute to ARF?

Answer 3

cause afferent vasoconstriction and decreased renal perfusion, while also preventing production of prostacyclins

Question 4

How do NSAIDs contribute to ARF?

Answer 4

they cause the efferent arteriole to vasodilate

Question 5

What is azotemia?

Answer 5

a rise in BUN and Cr without damage to the kidney

Question 6

If the FENa is >1%, the AKI is a _____ cause.

Answer 6

intrinsic or postrenal

Question 7

If the FENa is ____, the AKI is an intrinsic or postrenal cause.

Answer 7

>1%

Question 8

If the FENa is ____, the AKI is a pre-renal cause.

Question 9

Name 5 causes of pre-renal AKI.

Answer 9

1. sepsis (presents as fever, low BP)
2. heart/liver dz
3. hemorrhage
4. GI losses (reduced intake, vomiting, diarrhea)
5. medications (anything that decreases BP or volume)

Question 10

What is the equation for creatinine clearance?

Answer 10

Cc = (Ucr x V) / Pcr

Question 11

What is the normal specific gravity level of urine?

Answer 11

1.01

Question 12

What does an increased specific gravity indicate?

Answer 12

dehydration

Question 13

Protein in the urine is ALWAYS indicative of a problem at the _____.

Answer 13

glomerulus

Question 14

Name the 3 AKI pathologies.

Answer 14

1. pre-renal
2. intrarenal
3. post-renal

Question 15

Name some causes of intrinsic AKI.

Answer 15

• glmomerular (GN, nephrotic syndrome, MPGN, anti-GBM, Goodpasture, etc)
• tubular (ATN)
• interstitial (allergies, acute interstitial nephritis)
• vascular (vasculidities)

Question 16

How does rhabdomyolysis cause ARF?

Answer 16

prolonged exercise causes muscle breakdown –> myoglobin clogs tubules in the kidney –> intrarenal disease