7

Question 1

product rule

Answer 1

probability of independent events occurring together in the product of the probabilities of the individual events

Question 2

sum rule

Answer 2

probability of either of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual properties

Question 3

pleiotropy

Answer 3

one gene can affect multiple traits

Question 4

Difference between Mendel and other plant hybridisers

Answer 4

M studied true-breeding strains unlike others who used complex and poorly defined material
M focused on one trait or small number of traits with characteristics that were easily contrasted among the true-breeding strains
M counted the progeny of his crosses, looking for statistical patterns in the offspring of his crosses

Question 5

Incomplete dominance

Answer 5

phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is intermediate between those of the homozygous genotypes

Question 6

features of pedigree that suggest dominant inheritance

Answer 6

Affected individuals are equally likely to be females or males
Most mating that produce affected offspring have only one affected parent because mating between two affected individuals is extremely unlikely
Among matings in which one parent is affected, approximately half the offspring are affected

Question 7

recessive inheritance

Answer 7

Trait may skip one or more generations
Both genders equally likely to be affected
Affected individuals mat have unaffected parents
Affected individuals often result form mating between relatives, typically first cousins

Question 8

GINA

Answer 8

forbids use of genetic information in decisions concerning employment and health insurance

Question 9

DTC tests

Answer 9

can be purchased without professional where consumer sends biological samples but may not be reliable or accurate

Question 10

X-linked recessive inheritance

Answer 10

Affected individuals are usually males because males need only one copy of the mutant gene to be affected, whereas females need two copies to be affected
Affected males have unaffected sons because males transmit their X chromosome only to their daughters
A female whose father is affected can have affected sons because such a female must be a heterozygous carrier of the recessive mutant allele
Sisters of an affected male each have a 50% change of being a heterozygous carrier because when a brother is affected the mother must be heterozygous for the recessive allele