7. Crude oil Flashcards
What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen only
What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?
Alkane = hydrocarbon with only single C-C bonds
Alkene = hydrocarbon that contains double C=C bonds
Name the first four alkanes
Methane, ethane, propane, butane
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
How does boiling point change with the length of an alkane?
The longer the alkane, the higher its boiling point
How does viscosity change with the length of an alkane?
The longer the alkane, the more viscous (the thicker) it is
How does flammability change with the length of an alkane?
The longer the alkane, the less flammable it is
What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?
Crude oil is vaporised, different molecules rise up the fractionating column and cool down. Condense at different points on the column.
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water
When does incomplete combustion occur?
When there is not enough oxygen present
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
Water and carbon monoxide OR carbon
What are the two types of cracking?
Catalytic and steam cracking
How do you test for an alkene?
React it with bromine water, if alkene it turns from orange to colourless
