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SHS Science 8 (SK) > FFD: Forces, Fluids & Density > Flashcards

FFD: Forces, Fluids & Density Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Particle Theory of Matter

A
  1. Theory that explains the behaviour of solids, liquids, and gases.
  2. It states that all matter is made up of tiny moving particles that attract each other and have spaces between them.
  3. Adding heat makes particles move faster decreasing density resulting in a state of matter change.
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2
Q

Solid

A

Particles are close together and in a fixed place; denser than liquids.

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3
Q

Liquid

A

Particles are close together but can slide around and over each other; denser than gases.

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4
Q

Gas

A

Particles are far apart and move rapidly.

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5
Q

Fluid

A

Any matter that has no fixed shape, can flow, and takes the shape of its container; any substance in a gas or liquid state

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6
Q

Viscosity

A

A liquid’s internal resistance or friction that keeps it from flowing

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7
Q

Weight

A

Measure of the force of gravity on an object; measured in newtons (N)

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8
Q

Mass

A

Measurement of the amount of matter that is in an object; often measured in grams

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9
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit of volume; measure by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume; the amount of matter or number of particles in a given volume; g/mL or g/cm3

D = M/V

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10
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space taken up by an object; liquids measured by mL and solids measured by cm3

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11
Q

Force

A

Push or pull that tends to cause an object to move or change its motion; measured in Newtons (N)

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12
Q

Buoyant Force

A

Upward force that a liquid exerts on an object, opposite to the pull of gravity on an object in a liquid; an important property of fluids; the property that causes a ship to float in water

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13
Q

Gravitational Force

A

Force trying to pull an object down to the center of the Earth = 9.8m/s2 on Earth

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14
Q

Pressure

A

A measure of the amount force applied to a particular area; measure in pascals (Pa) = N/m2

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15
Q

Compression

A

Results when a force pushes on an object

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16
Q

Hydraulic Device

A

Devices that use water or some other liquid in motion under pressure to do useful work

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17
Q

Hydraulic Fluid

A

The liquid part put into a hydraulic system

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18
Q

Hydraulic System

A

System that uses liquids in a confined space to transfer forces; operates according to Pascal’s Law

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19
Q

Pneumatic Devices

A

Devices that use air or other gases in a confined space or transmit forces

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20
Q

Pneumatic Systems

A

Confined, pressurized systems that use air or other gases to transmit forces

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21
Q

Variables

A

Things that can be changed in a scientific experiment

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22
Q

Fair Test

A

Experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time

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23
Q

Balanced Forces

A

Opposite and equal forces acting on an object; for an object to remain suspended in water, the downward force of gravity must be balanced by and equal upward force

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24
Q

Newton (N)

A

The unit used in science for measuring gravitational force, weight, and pressure.

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25
Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
A safety device designed to keep a person afloat in water
26
Archimedes’ Principle
Buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight, or gravitational force, of the fluid displaced by the object
27
Swim Bladder
A specialized organ in many fish, containing a mixture of air and water; this organ allows the fish to control it’s swimming depth
28
Ballast Tank
Tanks in submarines that enable the submarine to dive and resurface; ballast tanks depend on a feature similar to a swim bladder in fish
29
Water Displacement Method
Method of measuring volume which involves placing an object in a container of water and measuring the amount of water moved (displaced); alternatively, placing an object into a container full of water and measuring the volume of the overflow
30
Contact Force
Force exerted when two objects are touching one another
31
Non-contact Force
Force exerted between two things that are not touching
32
Pascal’s Law
When pressure is applied to a liquid in a container, the pressure and force is transmitted equally and undiminished throughout the liquid; an enclosed liquid transmits pressure equally in all directions
33
Incompressible
Unable to be compressed easily
34
Input Device
Device that puts information into a system
35
Output Device
Part of a system that responds to an input
36
Mechanical Advantage
The ability to produce an output force larger than the input force
37
Pump
A machine or device that displaces fluid by mechanical or physical action
38
Closed Hydraulic System
Hydraulic systems where the liquid cannot leave the system
39
Open Hydraulic System
Hydraulic systems where the liquid can leave the system; these can be used to transport fluids; Ex: hand pumps for water
40
International System of Units
System of measurement that is based on powers of 10 and base units such as meters, liters, and grams.
41
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass; can neither be created nor destroyed.
42
A digital or triple balance scale is used to measure...
Mass
43
A spring scale is used to measure...
weight and/or force
44
Glassware, such as beakers and graduated cylinders, are used to measure...
volume
45
The Greek scientist and mathematician Archimedes discovered this while in the bath tub
The water displacement method
46
HHPS stands for...
Hazardous Household Products Symbols
47
WHMIS stands for...
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
48
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Biohardous Infectious Materials: for organisms or toxins that can cause disease in people or animals
49
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Corrosion: for corrosive damage to metals, as well as skin and eyes
50
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Environment: may cause damage to the aquatic environment
51
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Exclamation Mark: may cause less serious health effects or damage the ozone layer
52
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Exploding Bomb: for explosion or reactivity hazard
53
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Flame Over Circle: for oxidizing hazards
54
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Gas Cylinder: for gases under pressure
55
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Health Hazard: may cause or suspected of causing serious health effects
56
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Skull and Crossbones: can cause death or toxicity with short exposure to small amounts
57
Which WHMIS symbol is this?
Flame: for fire hazards
58
These HHPS symbols mean:
1. Danger Flammable 2. Danger Poison 3. Caution Explosive 4. Danger Corrosive
59
Methods/Tests used to measure viscosity:
1. **Bubble Test** - How long it takes an air bubble to rise through a tube of fluid. The longer it takes for the bubble to travel through a fluid, the higher the viscosity. 2. **The Ramp Method:** How long it takes a fluid to flow down a ramp. The longer it takes for a fluid to flow down a ramp, the higher the viscosity
60
Air pressure at sea level is...
101.3 Pa
61
Gravitational force on Earth is equal to...
9.8 m/s2
62
Compressibility
the ability to become more compact when squeezed
63
An example of a hydraulic system in the human body is our...
Heart
64
An example of a pneumatic system in the human body is our...
Lungs
65
If temperature increases then viscosity...
decreases and vice versa
66
If the buoyant force is greater than or equal to the gravitational force then the object...
floats
67
If the gravitational force (a.k.a. weight) on an object is greater than the buoyant force then the object...
sinks
68
If mass increases then density...
increases and vice versa
69
If the temperature increases then volume...
increases and vice versa
70
If the volume increases then density...
decreases and vice versa
71
If the temperature increases then pressure...
increases and vice versa
72
If the force increases then the pressure...
increases and vice versa
73
If the area increases, then the pressure...
decreases and vice versa

SHS Science 8 (SK) (5 decks)

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