7.2 Flashcards
What did persian royal inscprtion empahize of the ruler?
When war was mentioned what did the royal isncrption say?
what do images of royal peace suggest
- Persian royal insrpiation emphasize the morl and amdsintrative qualities of eh ruler and the ordely functioning of the empire under his leadershio
- Persian royal insrpiation emphasize the morl and amdsintrative qualities of eh ruler and the ordely functioning of the empire under his leadershio
- When war is mentioned, the royal inscrpitons simply make generic statements that the king intervened to Stop Disorder, with the guidance of Ahuramazda
- Other Royal Monuments avoid the representation of Violence and War Completely. The viewer sees pictures of peaceful cooperation and order under royal leadership and of the king’s devotion to Ahuramazda.
- The images of the royal epace suggest military power showing the peace that result from victory
How were the conquered treated?
- Even though they have been conquered and are now subjects, as the texts declares, the peoples of the empire are represented as soldiers with their typical dress and weapons, not as prisoners. They are now the support of the imperial project, not enemies
- In the monuments commissioned by the persian royal admsintration, there is a clear emphasis on what?
The Persian rulers seem to be concerned about __?
- In the monuments commissioned by the persian royal admsintration, there is a clear emphasis on order and peace
- he fact that the empire was constructed with war is not concealed but typically the violent action of war is not directly represented
- The Persian rulers seem to be concerned about the construction of consensus rather than pure intimidation of the subjects.
What happened to greek cities of the east cost of the Aegean?
- The Greek cities of the east cost of the Aegean had been under the influence of Lydia and with the fall of Lydia they passed under Persian control.
What was rthe Ionian revolt
- here was a large rebellion of Greek cities, joined by other peoples of the area. The rebellion is called the Ionian Revolt, since the Greeks of that area were collectively known as the Ionians.
- he revolt was a rather serious disturbance and took six year to put down. The Ionians asked the Greek cities of the mainland to help them. Only Athens and Eretria sent some troops.
What was the first persian expedition?
- king Darius I decided to send an expeditionary force to take revenge on the Athenians and Eretrians for their role in the Ionian revolt. * Persian positions in Europe were secured with a campaign in Thrace already in 492 BCE * In 490 BCE a Persian force landed near Eretria, which was besieged, captured and burned
. - Then they landed in Attica, at Marathon. The Athenians sent their army to meet them, with a small contingent of allies from the city of Platea
- he Athenians decided to attack the Persian forces while they were near the coast, because marshes and hills prevented them from using their numeric superiority to outflank them.
- The Athenian phalanx moved towards the Persians at a fast pace, to be exposed to arrows for a shorter time, and engaged. * According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the Athenians reinforced their wings and enveloped the Persian centre. * Caught in a confined space, the Persians were defeated, retreated to the ships and left. The victory gave Athens great prestige and confidence.
The Second Invasion of Greece:
and who was the spartan king
The Second Invasion of Greece:
- Xerxes, son of Darius, organized a large-scale expedition to conquer Greece. In 480 BCE a Persian army crossed the Hellespont and marched south along the coast, with the support of a fleet supplied by the Mediterranean subjects of the empire. * The king asked for “earth and water” = complete submission.
- he cities that chose to resist formed an alliance, with Athens and Sparta as the most prominent members
- The Greeks tried to stop the advancing Persians in the narrow pass of Thermopylae.
- The Greeks managed to stop the Persians for three days but had to retreat when the Persians discovered a mountain trail that bypassed the Greek lines. A small force under the command of the Spartan king Leonidas remained to slow down the Persians and buy time. The king and all his guard of 300 knights were killed.
What happened to athens after the second invasion
- The Persian army reached Athens unopposed. The Athenian population, following the advice of Themistocles, had moved to the small island of Salamis. * The Persians occupied the city and burned the acropolis in retaliation for the fire of the temple of Cybele at Sardis during the Ionian revolt. Xerxes sent a message to Persia that the mission had been accomplished.
Where did the greeks win
Greek Victory at Salamis:
- The massive Persian fleet entered the narrow straits of Salamis to destroy the Greeks, but was beaten, while Xerxes was watching from a hill. Probably the sheer number of Persian ships crowded together caused confusion, while the Greeks maintained an orderly battle line and acted in good coordination.
