7.4 Ventilation And Gas Exchange In Other Organisms

Question 1

Spiracle

Answer 1

Small openings on thorax and abdomen of insect

Question 2

Chitin

Answer 2

Fibrous substance made of polysaccharides

Question 3

Tracheole

Answer 3

Minute tubes with no chitin, freely permeable to gas. Greatly elongated cell

Question 4

Tracheal fluid

Answer 4

At end of tracheole. Limits penetrative of air for diffusion.

Question 5

Mechanical ventilation of the tracheal system

Answer 5

Air actively pumped into system by muscular pumping movements of abdomen/thorax. Changes tracheal pressure.

Question 6

Gill

Answer 6

Organ allowing gaseous exchange in fish. Contained in a Gill cavity and covered by an operculum in bony fish

Question 7

Operculum

Answer 7

Bony flap protecting gills from damage. Also assisting in maintaining flow of water of gills

Question 8

Gill filament

Answer 8

Part of the Gill that has lamellae which water flows over. Lamellae purpose is to increase SA:V

Question 9

Ram ventilation

Answer 9

Method of ventilation allowing water to constantly be passed over gills simply by not stopping moving

Question 10

Buccal cavity

Answer 10

Area in fish’ mouth allowing water to enter then being pushed through gills. Opposing ram ventilation

Question 11

Overlapping Gill filament tips

Answer 11

Increases resistance to flow of water. More time for gaseous exchange

Question 12

Countercurrent exchange system

Answer 12

Flow of water and blood face
opposite directions greatly increasing intake of oxygen from the water. Increases steep concentration gradients