Quantum mechanics lecture 1&2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
State Boyle’s Law
The volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure. p1V1 = p2V2
State Charle’s Law
The volume of any given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. V1/T1 = V2/T2
State the ideal gas equation and define the terms
pV = nRT
pressure in pascals or Kpa
Volume in m^3 (note that L = dm^3)
n = number of moles
R = proportionality factor, 8.314|Jmol-1K-1
Temperature in kelvin (0 degrees C = 273.15K)
Describe an elementary reaction
A reaction is elementary if the order of the reaction = molecularity, ie the number of molecules involved in the rate determining step
State the requirements needed for a reaction to take place
Reactants, energy, collisions, bonds being formed
State how to work out theoretical reaction rate
Collision rate (ie frequency) x the fraction of molecules with enough energy to react
State how to work out theoretical reaction rate
Collision rate (ie frequency) x the fraction of molecules with enough energy to react
State the three variables that define a gas
Temperature (K), pressure (Pa) and volume (m^3)
Define isotherm
Constant temperature
Define isochore
Constant volume
State the standard conditions
1 atm (101325Pa) and 273.15K (0 degrees celcius)
Define molar volume
= V/n = RT/p. One mole of ideal gas at STP = 22.414dm^3
Give the equation to verify R using other constants and define the terms
k = R/Na
Give the equation to verify R using other constants and define the terms
k = R/Na k = boltzman's constant R = gas constant Na = avogadro's number
Describe 3 properties of an ideal gas
1) There are no intermolecular forces between the gas particles
2) The volume occupied by the particles is negligible compared to the volume of the container they occupy
3) The only interactions between the particles and the container walls are perfectly elastic (ie total KE is conserved)
Describe real gases
The atoms or molecules have a finite size, and at close range they interact with eachother through a varienty of intermolecular forces. For real gases, molar volume is not 22.414dm^3
Define the compression factor, z, and describe the values of z obtained
z = Vm/Vm^o where Vm^o is the molar volume for an ideal gas
z = 1: there are no intermolecular forces. The gas can be described as an ideal gas
z < 1: Attractive forces dominate
z > 1: Repulsive forces dominate
