Chapter 13 The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon

Answer 1

Hepatic flexure

Question 2

First part of the duodenum

Answer 2

Duodenal bulb

Question 3

Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum stomach and large intestine helps support the greater curvature of the stomach known as the “fatty apron”

Answer 3

Greater omentum

Question 4

Help support the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 4

Gastrophrenic gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments

Question 5

Fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 5

Mesentery

Question 6

Also known as the digestive tract includes the mouth pharynx esophagus stomach duodenum and small and large intestine

Answer 6

Alimentary canal

Question 7

Inner folds of the small intestine

Answer 7

vili

Question 8

Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

Answer 8

Cardiac Orifice

Question 9

First layer of bowel

Answer 9

Mucosa

Question 10

Helps suport the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 10

Gastrohepatic ligament

Question 11

The transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon

Answer 11

Splenic flexure

Question 12

One of the layers of the bowel under the mucosal layer contains blood vessels and lymph channels

Answer 12

Submucosa

Question 13

Normal segmentation of the wall of the colon

Answer 13

Haustra

Question 14

Suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 14

Lesser omentum

Question 15

Muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum

Answer 15

Pyloric canal

Question 16

Fourth layer of bowel thin loose layer of connective tissue surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowel loops

Answer 16

Serosa

Question 17

Third layer of bowel

Answer 17

Muscularis

Question 18

Normal segmentation of the small bowel

Answer 18

Valvulae Conniventes

Question 19

Inner folds of the stomach wall

Answer 19

Rugae

Question 20

Fifth layer of bowel

Answer 20

Mesothelium

Question 21

Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

Answer 21

Cholecystokinin

Question 22

Rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it

Answer 22

Peristalsis

Question 23

Located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix

Answer 23

McBurney’s point

Question 24

Process of nutrient molecules passing through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph system

Answer 24

Absorption

Question 25

Endocrine hormone released from the stomach stimulates secretion of gastric acid

Answer 25

Gastrin

Question 26

Localized collection of pus surround by inflammed tissue

Answer 26

Abcess

Question 27

Released from small bowel as antacid stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

Answer 27

Secretion

Question 28

Calcified deposit within the appendix appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter

Answer 28

Fecalith

Question 29

Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach the small intestine or most commonly the colon

Answer 29

Diverticulum

Question 30

Malignancy of the lymph nodes spleen or liver

Answer 30

Lymphoma

Question 31

Dilated fluid filled bowel loops without peristalsis

Answer 31

Paralytic ileus

Question 32

Characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim

Answer 32

Target sign

Question 33

Collection of blood

Answer 33

Hemorrhage

Question 34

Site of maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually with appendicitis

Answer 34

McBurney's sign

Question 35

Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

Answer 35

Ascites

Question 36

Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum

Answer 36

Meckel's diverticulum

Question 37

Fecalith or calcification located in the appendix

Answer 37

Appendicolith

Question 38

Small tumor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

Answer 38

Polyp

Question 39

Inflammation of the bowel accompanied by abscess and bowel wall thickening

Answer 39

Crohn's disease