An Attempt to Learn Grammar Flashcards
Nominative endings of the first declension
-a
Nominative endings of the second declension
us (also er)
How do I know if a word belongs to the third declension?
There is no fixed nominative ending but the genetive singular will end with -is if it’s a third declension noun.
List the nominative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.
1st: -a, -ae
2nd: -er/us, -i
3rd: -X, -es
What is the nominative case used for?
Subject Subject complement(modifies the subject, for example: Ille vir est pater meus. Pater modifies vir and is therefore nominative)
List the genetive case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.
1st: -ae, -arum
2nd: -i, -orum
3rd: -is, -um
What is the genetive case used for?
Possesion
Of the whole
Description (Vir multorum amicorum)
Indefinite value (ova multi constant)
List the dative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.
1st: -ae, -is
2nd: -o, -is
3rd: -i, -ibus
What is the dative case used for?
Indirect object (recipient) Compound verbs (tabernae appropinquant) Some verbs (faveo, placeo, studeo. Kinda where the upcoming noun is a recipient) Adjectives (eg. bonus-good for, also where the noun can be seen as a recipient)
List the accusative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.
(differentiate between gender)
1st: -am, -as 2nd M: -um, -os 2nd N: -um, -a 3rd M/F: em, -es 3rd N: Sing = whatever the nominative is. plur -a
What is the accusative case used for?
Direct object
Some prepositions that take the accusative
Duration of time
List the ablative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.
1st: -a, -is
2nd: -o, -is
3rd: -e/i, -ibus
What is the ablative case used for?
Separation Position (stationary, accusative if motion) Time when Time within Price
What are participles?
Verbs working as adjectives (-ing verbs)
List the case endings of participles (differentiate between Mask/fem/neut)
Singularis Fem/mask - Neut Nom: ns - ns Gen: ntis - ntis Dat: nti - nti Acc: ntem -ns Abl: nti - nti
Pluralis Nom: ntes - ntia Gen: ntium - ntium Dat: ntibus - ntibus Acc: ntes - ntia Abl: ntibus - ntibus
What is special about the UNUS NAUTA words?
They are adjectives that in genetive singular and dative singular are irregular.
Genetive singular always ends with ius and dative singular always end with i. Regardless of gender.
List the UNUS NAUTA words and translate them
Ullus, -a, -um – Any
Nullus, -a, -um – No, none
Unus, a, um – One
Solus, -a, -um – alone, only
Neuter, neutra, neutrum -- neither Alter, altera, alterum -- the other Uter, utra, utrum -- either, which Totus, -a, -um -- whole/entire Alius, -a, -ud -- another/other
What endings of the third declension will always be neuter?
-en, -e and -us
What does it mean that an adjective is an 2-1-2 adjective?
Masculine and neuter will follow the 2nd declension and feminine will follow the 1st.
Which adjectives are third declension adjectives?
i-stems
Ending 2nd principal part 1st conjugation verbs
Are (long A)
Ending 2nd principal part 2nd conjugation verbs
Ere (Long E)
Ending 2nd principal part 3rd conjugation verbs
ere (short e)
Ending 2nd principal part 4th conjugation verbs
Ire (long I)
