Act 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

(whose remembrance yet) lives in men’s eyes and will to ears and tongues
Be theme and hearing ever,

A

i.e. is evident in the changes which he brought to Britain, and will be talked about forever

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2
Q

Famous in Caesar’s praises no whit less/than in his feats deserving it

A

the fame Cassibelan gained through Caesar’s praises was no less than his actions merited

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3
Q

untendered

A

unpaid

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4
Q

And to kill the marvel, shall be so ever

A

and to kill the Romans’ surprise at non-payment by making it an established practice, this will forever after be the case

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5
Q

(and we will nothing pay) for wearing our own noses

A

for being ourselves (also associates the Romans with crooked noses)

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6
Q

That opportunity
Which then they had to take from ‘s, to resume
We have again.

A

We can now take back (resume) the advantage that the they (the Romans) took by force (when they demanded payment and allegiance)

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7
Q

My liege

A

My lord/sovereign

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8
Q

The natural bravery of your isle

A

the threatening character of the landscape (i.e. the island is naturally well-fortified)

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9
Q
which stands
As Neptune's park, ribbed and paled in
With oaks unscalable and roaring waters,
With sands that will not bear your enemies' boats,
But suck them up to the topmast.
A

which is like a park belonging to the God of the sea, guarded by a thick border of unclimable trees and dangerous waters containing quicksands that will sink any boat up to its highest mast

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10
Q

Ribbed and paled in

A
ribbed = the ribs around a ships hulk
pales = vertical stakes driven into the ground

i.e. enclosed in as if by a ships ribbing and fenced in as if by pales

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11
Q

Twice beaten

A

Beaten by the Britons on two separate occasions

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12
Q

His shipping/poor ignorant baubles, on our terrible seas/like eggshells moved upon their surges, cracked/as easily ‘gainst our rocks

A

His ships, like little toys, were as fragile as eggshells on our terrible seas and cracked just as easily against our rocks.

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13
Q

for joy whereof
The famed Cassibelan, who was once at point—
O giglot fortune!—to master Caesar’s sword,
Made Lud’s town with rejoicing fires bright
And Britons strut with courage.

A

To celebrate his job, the famous Cassibelan, who once almost defeated Caesar, and would have had not fickle fortune (‘giglot fortune’), made London burn bright with victory fires and Britons swagger with courage

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14
Q

but to owe such straight arms, none

A

but no Roman rulers possessed (‘owe’) such strong (‘straight’) and unbending arms as did Caesar

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15
Q

We have yet many among us can grip(e) as hard as

Cassibelan

A

There are lots of us who can complain as loudly as Cassibelan. (in our text, it’s grip, but there must be a pun on complaining)

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16
Q

Caesar’s ambition,
Which swell’d so much that it did almost stretch
The sides o’ the world

A

Caesar was so ambitious that the whole world almost seemed too small for him

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17
Q

against all colour here/did put the yoke upon’s

A

without any pretence of reason or justice, did here place us under the yoke of roman rule

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18
Q

Mulmutius which ordained our laws

A

Son of Cloten, King of Cornwall in Geoffrey’s History, and establish Mulmutius’s laws which were later codified by Alfred the Great

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19
Q

whose use the sword of Caesar hath too much mangled

A

whose practice of the laws were violently corrupted by Caesar’s force

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20
Q

whose repair and franchise/shall, by the power we hold, be our deed

A

the restoration and free exercise of which/shall, by our power, be enacted by us

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21
Q

(that I am to) pronounce (Augustus Caesar)

A

proclaim

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22
Q

which did put

His brows within a golden crown

A

to put on a crown

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23
Q

that hath moe kings his servants than/thyself domestic officers

A

who has more kings as his servants than you have household attendants

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24
Q

Thus defied,

I thank thee for myself.

A

So, although I have to declare you an enemy, I thank you for how well you’ve treated me.

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25
Q

of him I gather’d honour;
Which he to seek of me again, perforce,
Behoves me keep at utterance. (difficult one - think carefully)

A

I gained honour under him, and his violently (perforce) seeking to take it (the honour) back (by requiring tribute), requires me to defend (it?) to the uttermost

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26
Q

I am perfect

A

I am positive

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27
Q

For their liberties are now in arms, a precedent which not to read would show the Britons cold

A

Are now fighting for their freedom, a precedent which not to interpret would make the Britons seem apathetic (‘cold’)

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28
Q

Let proof speak

A

Let the outcome speak for itself

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29
Q

if
you seek us afterwards in other terms, you
shall find us in our salt-water girdle

A

If you come back for a different purpose, you’ll find us buckled here in our salt-water belt (the defensive belt of water surrounding the British Isles)

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30
Q

(if you fall in the) adventure

A

enterprise/endeavour

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31
Q

I know your master’s pleasure and he mine:

All the remain is ‘Welcome!’

A

I know what your king wants and he knows what I want. All that’s left to say is, “Welcome!”

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32
Q

(what a) strange (infection)

A

foreign

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33
Q

(what false Italian) as poisonous tongued as handed

A

as skilled in verbal poison (slander) as administering poisonous substances by hand

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34
Q

(she’s punished for her) truth and undergoes…

A

(she’s being punished for her) loyalty/fidelity (to you), and endures…

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35
Q

…and undergoes more goddess-like than wife-like, such assaults/as would take in some virtue

A

and endures these attacks of her honour more like a goddess than like a wife, in such a way that would conquer some virtue (? - check this translation)

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36
Q

thy mind to her is now as low as were thy fortunes

A

your opinion of her is as inferior as your fortunes previously were

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37
Q

Her blood

A

Should I shed her (royal) blood

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38
Q

It it be so to do good service, never/let me be counted serviceable

A

If in doing so I’d become a good servant, then never let me become a dutiful servant

(Serviceable literally = dutiful in service by performing all of my master’s commands)

See comparison with King Lear when Cornwall’s servant tries to prevent him from taking out Gloucester’s other eye.

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39
Q

How look I,/That I should seem to lack humanity

so much as this fact comes to?

A

Do I really look like someone who so lacks human qualities that he could perform this evil deed (fact)?

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40
Q

black (as the ink that’s on thee) - 2 possible meanings

A

deadly/slanderous

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41
Q

Senseless bauble

A

insentient trifle

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42
Q

Art thou a fedary for this act, and look’st

So virgin-like without?

A

Are you an accomplice to this act, even whilst looking so innocent on the outside?

(without = on the outside)

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43
Q

I am ignorant in what I am commanded

A

I must give no hint of what I have been ordered to do

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44
Q

Who, thy lord? That is my lord, Leonatus?

A

Who? Your lord? That’s my lord, Leonatus!

(Playing on the difference between Posthumus as Pisanio’s master and Innogen’s husband, since Lord was appropriate to both)

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45
Q

O, learn’d indeed were that astronomer
That knew the stars as I his characters;
He’ld lay the future open.

A

Wise indeed would the astronomer be, who could read the stars as I can read his handwriting; he could see well into the future

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46
Q

(let what is contained) relish (of love)

A

taste

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47
Q

… (let what is contained relish…) … of his content - yet not that we two are asunder

*i.e. focus on the meaning of the ‘not’

A

(let what is within taste) of his contentment - yet let him not be content that we are apart

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48
Q

For it doth physic love

A

for it increases love’s strength

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49
Q

Of his content, all but in that

A

Let him be happy in everything but that respect!

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50
Q

Good wax, thy leave. Blest be

You bees that make these locks of counsel!

A

Wax seal, let me open you. Bless you, you bees who make these seals that keeps confidentiality!

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51
Q

Lovers and men in dangerous bonds pray not alike/

A

Lovers and men in jail differ in their prayers; (i.e. they differ in their prayers because lovers welcome the secrecy which the wax seal permits, whereas men in jail dread the official notice which sends them to prison)

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52
Q

though forfeiters you cast in prison, yet you clasp young Cupid’s tables.

A

Although you (referring to the wax seals) cast men who have broken their agreements (forfeiters) into prison, you also seal the writing tablets (tables) of lovers

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53
Q

forfeiters

A

those who have broken their agreements (and hence are cast into prison by sealed bonds)

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54
Q
  1. Negative meaning of the ‘as’

Justice, and your father’s wrath, should he take me
in his dominion, could not be so cruel to me, as
you, O the dearest of creatures, would even renew me
with your eyes.

(n.b. as = the key word here, swinging the entire meaning of the letter)

A

The justice system and your father’s anger, if he captured me in his country, could not be as cruel to me as you, O most beautiful of creatures, a sentiment which just the sight of you could renew in me

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55
Q
  1. Positive meaning of the ‘as’

Justice, and your father’s wrath, should he take me
in his dominion, could not be so cruel to me, as
you, O the dearest of creatures, would even renew me
with your eyes.

(n.b. as = the key word here, swinging the entire meaning of the letter)

A

The justice system and your father’s anger, if he captured me in his country, could not be so cruel but that a mere gaze from you would renew me, O most beautiful of creatures.

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56
Q

Cambria

A

A latinized form of the medieval Welsy Cymry

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57
Q

Milford Haven

A

A seaport in southern Wales

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58
Q

That remains loyal to this vow, and your increasing in love. (2 possible meanings)

A

To you who remains loyal to your marital promise and thereby increases Posthumus’s love/to you on the condition that you remain loyal to your vows (thereby increasing your love)

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59
Q

If one of mean affairs

A

If someone having unimportant business

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60
Q

(O let me bate)

A

O allow me to modify (my statement)

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61
Q

But not like me, yet long’st/but in a fainter kind

A

Not as much as I am, still eager, but less so

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62
Q

For mine’s beyond beyond

A

My longing exceeds that which already surpasses expression

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63
Q

(Say and) speak thick

A

tell me quickly

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64
Q

Love’s counsellor should fill the bores of hearing to th’smothering of the sense

A

An advisor to love (i.e. someone who is counselling about love) should fill the passages of one’s ears (bores of hearing) so entirely that the sense are overwhelmed

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65
Q

T’inherit

A

To possess

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66
Q

How we may steal from hence

A

How do we move stealthily from here

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67
Q

And for the gap/that we shall make in time, from our hence-going and our return, to excuse

A

And how do we explain (excuse) the temporal gap between our leaving and our return?

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68
Q

Why should excuse be born or ere begot?

A

Why should excuse be born before the need for it even exists?

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69
Q

Score

A

a group of 20

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70
Q

twixt hour and hour?

A

between one hour and the next

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71
Q

‘twixt sun and sun

A

between sunrise and sunset

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72
Q

(riding wagers/where horses have been nimbler than the sands/that run i’th’ clock’s behalf)

A

bets placed on horse races, where horses run more swiftly than the sands in an hourglass

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73
Q

Go bid my woman feign a sickness; say

She’ll home to her father

A

Go tell my attendant to pretend she’s sick. Say she’s going home to her father.

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74
Q

Franklin

A

A small land-owner, below the gentry (i.e. firmly middle class, not royal)

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75
Q

I see before me, man

A

I can only see what is immediately before me

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76
Q

nor here, nor here,
Nor what ensues, but have a fog in them,
That I cannot look through.

A

What’s there, or there (i.e. what is to come), or what will happen in the future, I can’t see.

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77
Q

(A goodly day) not to keep house

A

Not to stay inside

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78
Q

This gate instructs you how t’adore the heavens and bows you to a morning’s holy office

A

This entryway to the cave requires that you bow down to leave it, which prompts a humbling act of reverence by making you which functions as a morning ceremony (holy office)

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79
Q

giants may jet through/and keep their impious turbans on without good morrow to the sun

A

giants may swagger (jet) through, without removing their unholy turbans in order to say ‘good morning’ to the sun (i.e. without acknowledging the forces of nature)

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80
Q

We house i’th’ rock

A

In a cave

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81
Q

Yet use thee not so hardly/as prouder livers do

A

Yet we do not treat the heaves so callously as do those who live more grandly

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82
Q

I’ll tread these flats

A

I’ll tread this plain

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83
Q

(when you above perceive me) like a crow

A

As small as a crow

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84
Q

That it is place which lessens and sets off;

(Look specifically at the individual meanings of ‘place’ and ‘lessens’

A

that it’s just context that makes you seem more or less important.

n.b. place can mean physical location, or social rank (as in social place)

whilst ‘lessens’ can mean diminishes, or instructs (as in ‘lessons’)

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85
Q

(and you may then) revolve

A

consider

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86
Q

This service is not service, so being done,

But being so allow’d.

A

This service (in courts and war - see above sentence) does not count when it is enacted, only when it is acknowledged (allowed) by those in authority.

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87
Q

To apprehend thus

A

To view the matter in this way

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88
Q

draws us a profit from all things we see

A

Allows us to benefit/learn from everything that we see

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89
Q

The sharded beetle in a safer hold/than is the full-winged eagle

A

The beetle, encased in dung, resides in a more secure place than the eagle.

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90
Q

(this life is nobler than) attending for a check

A

Doing courtly service, only to receive a rebuke

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91
Q

(richer than) doing nothing for a babe

A

(more lucrative than) assuming care for a child without providing adequate care (doing nothing)

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92
Q

Such gain the cap of him that makes him fine/yet keeps his book uncrossed.

A

Such people receive a salute (gain the cap of) from their tailor (him that makes him fine), but do not pay him, so he carries the debt in his account book (which remains uncrossed).

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93
Q

nor know not what air’s from home

A

what the air is like away from home

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94
Q

Haply

A

perhaps

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95
Q

sweeter to you
That have a sharper known; well corresponding
With your stiff age

A

It seems easier to you because you’ve experienced a harder kind of life. It’s right for your old age.

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96
Q

A cell of ignorance

A

It’s a place that keeps us ignorant (compare with Innogent being kept under house arrest in the court)

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97
Q

travelling abed

A

we’re travelling via dreams while in bed

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98
Q

debtor

A

someone who owes money

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99
Q

That not dares to stride a limit

A

who dares not cross a boundary for fear of arrest

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100
Q

(the rain and wind) beat (dark December)

A

beat down/mark or indicate the month of December

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101
Q

(In this our) pinching (cave)

A

confining/bitingly small

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102
Q

beastly

A

like beasts

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103
Q

subtle as the fox for prey,

Like warlike as the wolf for what we eat

A

as clever as a fox looking for prey, as brave as a wolf in killing what we need to eat.

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104
Q

Our valour is to chase what flies;

A

Our courage shows only by chasing animals that flee from us

i.e. they lack outlets for courtly/civic values to express themselves/develop- limited resources to cultivate personalities & characteristics that would settle them into society

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105
Q

our cage/we make a choir, as doth the prisoned bird/and sing our bondage freely

A

Like imprisoned birds, we turn our cage into a choir and we are only free to sing about our captivity

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106
Q

Did you but know the city’s usuries/ and felt them knowingly

A

If only you were aware of the city’s practice of lending money at illegal rates of interest/and experienced them with full knowledge (of their injustices)

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107
Q

As hard to leave as keep, whose top to climb/is certain falling

A

As difficult to quit as to maintain (keep), ensuring a fall when one reaches the top

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108
Q

The toil o’th’war, / A pain that only seems to seek out danger / I’th’name of fame and honour, which dies I’th’ search /

A

Chaos/trial of war, a labour that tries only to take risks for the fame & honour it brings, which perishes in the seeking

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109
Q

And hath as oft a sland’rous epitaph / As record of fair act

A

& as often receives a disparaging inscription on a tombstone as public remembrance of a good deed

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110
Q

nay, many times,

Doth ill deserve by doing well

A

no, frequently, you receive slander/criticism/insult by acting well/in return for good deeds

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111
Q

must curtsy at the censure

A

must bow deferentially for the blame

112
Q

then was I as a tree
Whose boughs did bend with fruit (not asking for a translation, but what the connotations of Belarius saying this actually are)

A

i.e. Belarius is not angry against the court itself (as he attempted to imply earlier) but is more bitter at his own fall from grace

113
Q

mellow hangings

A

ripe fruit he had grown & produced over time- loss of success/pride

• Sudden moment in which Belarius loses favour/reputation at court- falls from honour

114
Q

Uncertain favour

A

Unreliable approbation (of those in high places)

115
Q

demesnes

A

territories

116
Q

The fore-end of my time

A

The early part of my life

117
Q

And we will fear no poison, which attends

In place of greater state.

A

And we will not fear being poisoned, an affliction which occurs in locations of more wealth

118
Q

(how hard it is to hide the sparks of) nature

A

innate disposition (implies that G & A have aspirations appropriate to their lineage, even whilst not knowing that they are the king’s sons)

119
Q

though trained up thus meanly

A

Though brought up humbly as indicated

120
Q

nature prompts them… to prince it much beyond the trick of others

A

to behave like princes beyond the typical behavior of others

•Possessed by curiosity & ambition that Milford Haven cannot contain/accommodate

121
Q

Belarius: To him the other two shall minister (should have come earlier on but I wrote this one later)

A

If one of them is successful at the hunt/catches prey, the other two must assist as servants

122
Q

His spirits fly into my story

A

‘An instance of empathy in which an auditor becomes so moved by a story that his feelings appear to enter and become part of it’

i.e. Guiderius, listening to the story, becomes impassioned by it

123
Q

(strains his young) nerves

A

sinews

124
Q

… and shows much more his own conceiving

A

and shows his own imagination of events

125
Q

And three and two years old I stole these babes

A

Juxtaposes with the gentleman’s speech in act one who describes how Arviragus was stolen in swaddling clothes - this practice occurred only on newborns, up to the first nine months after birth

126
Q

(Thinking to bar thee of) succession

A

Successors

127
Q

Thou reft’st me of my lands

A

Thou deprived me of my lands

128
Q

The game is up

A

The deer has been drawn out and is on the run

129
Q

When we came from horse

A

when we dismounted

130
Q

Ne’er longed my mother so / To see me first as I have now

A

My mother has never been so eager to see me before I was born as I am Posthumus to see Posthumus now

131
Q

Innogen: One but painted thus / Would be interpreted a thing perplexed / Beyond self-explication

A

Someone painted with Pisanio’s expression would be interpreted as someone disturbed beyond any means of explaining himself

132
Q

Innogen: Put thyself / Into a haviour of less fear ere wildness / Vanquish my staider senses

A

Adopt a less fearsome demeanour before frenzy overcomes my calm feelings-

133
Q

tender

A

to offer/an adj. meaning ‘kind’

134
Q

If’t be summer news, smile to’t before

A

If it be joyful news, smile in harmony with it

135
Q

That drug-damned Italy hath out-craftied him / And he’s at some hard point

A

Italy, damned for its use of poisons, has surpassed Posthumous in cunning/craftiness, and he is in a difficult crisis

  • inference from Pisanio’s appearance when passing on letter
136
Q

Thy tongue may take off some extremity, which to read/would be even mortal to me

A

Your reading of it might lessen some of the shock, which, if I read it, might even kill me

137
Q

And you shall find me, wretched man, a thing

The most disdain’d of fortune.

A

You’ll find out I’m the most unlucky man in the world.

138
Q

The testimonies whereof lies bleeding in me

A

Pun on testicles

Innogen reversed traditional marriage-bed scene, inflicting sexual damage on Posthumous, marking his genitals with the blood she should have shed in loss of hymen on wedding night- literalizing the woman’s part in him at the site of his maleness’

139
Q

Innogen [reading letter from Posthumous to Pisanio]: If / thy faith be not tainted with the breach of hers

A

Posthumous questions if Pisanio has been corrupted by Innogen’s betrayal of her faith

140
Q

thou art the pander to her dishonour

A

you are the procurer of her dishonour

141
Q

Pisanio: All the worms of Nile, whose breath / Rides on the posting winds and doth belie / All corners of the world

A

Venomous snakes in Egypt’s River Nile-
Whose breath is carried on the speeding (posting) winds and doth fill with lies/slander (belie) all places in the world

Belie: fill with lies/slander

142
Q

‘twixt clock and clock

A

from hour to hour

143
Q

If sleep charge nature, / To break it with a fearful dream of him

A

If sleep overburdens/weighs down nature to break it with a dream full of apprehension of Posthumous

144
Q

Innogen: Iachimo, / Thou didst accuse him of incontinency…Thy favour’s good enough. Some jay of Italy, / Whose mother was her painting, hath betrayed him

A
  • Iachimo, you originally accused him of a lack of sexual restraint/licentiousness
  • Painting - idea of someone who is produced by her cosmetics, and not her parentage
145
Q

(I false! Thy conscience witness: Iachimo,
Thou didst accuse him of incontinency;
Thou then look’dst like a villain; now methinks) Thy favour’s good enough.

A

Your appearance/countenance (favour) was proof enough of your character/villainous nature

146
Q

Some jay of Italy, / Whose mother was her painting, hath betrayed him

A

• Some whore/strumpet of Italy, who is produced by cosmetics- not her parentage- has won over Posthumous= blames fashionably dressed women of Italy for Posthumous’ betrayal, not Iachimo

147
Q

Innogen: Poor I am stale, a garment out of fashion, / And for I am richer than to hang by th’walls, / I must be ripped

A

I am poor, out of date/old-fashioned, and because I am more valuable than someone fit only to hang on a peg and be forgotten, I must be torn apart (i.e. killed)

148
Q

Innogen: All good seeming / By thy revolt, O husband, shall be thought / Put on for villainy;

A

Everything that appears/seems good in men, by Posthumous’ betrayal, will be interpreted as exhibited for a villainous, ulterior motive;

149
Q

not born where’t grows, / But worn a bait for ladies

A

not native to it’s place, but borrowed as a bait/to catch women

n.b. note how Innogen does not condemn him personally, as he does to her

150
Q

Being heard like false Aeneas

A

When they were heard to speak as falsely as Aeneas did (by making false promises that call all truth into question)

151
Q

Sinon’s weeping/did scandal many a holy tear

A

Sinon, from Book II Aeneid, told tearful story to trick Greeks into accepting Trojan horse into city, occasioning destruction of Troy.

Scandal = disgrace.

152
Q

Took pity from most true wretchedness

A

Stole the pity that actual misery should have merited (because others suspected that the tears were fake)

153
Q

(So thou Posthumus) wilt lay the leaven on all proper men

A

Will taint the reputation of all honest men

154
Q

Goodly and gallant

A

handsome and grand`

155
Q

A little witness to

A

Briefly attest to

156
Q

The innocent mansion of my love… tis empty of all things but grief

A

I’s heart is a mansion in which P’s residence was once all her wealth - now only grief remains

157
Q

Innogen: Against self-slaughter / There is a prohibition so divine / That cravens my weak hand.

(Specifically, what does ‘Cravens’ mean)

A

Bible strictly forbids suicide- associates Innogen with Dido & Lucrece, driven to suicide by men who abandon/attack/rape them

‘Cravens’- renders spiritless through fear

158
Q

Obedient as the scabbard

A

Heart is ready to receive sword as readily as if it is a ‘scabbard’- container/sheath for a sword

159
Q

The scriptures (of royal Leonatus)/all turned to heresy

A

The letters/ the sacred texts, turned to heresy through his betrayal

160
Q

You shall no more / Be stomachers to my heart

A

Ornamental covering worn of chest under lacing of the bodice- figuratively used to refer to letters from Posthumous that Innogen has kept close to her heart

161
Q

false teachers

A

those who teach heresy

162
Q

Innogen: Though those that are betrayed / Do feel the treason sharply, yet the traitor / Stands in worse case of woe

A

Victims of betrayal enter grief/mourning, but punishment for treason is death= traitor suffers ultimate penalty.

Innogen invoking her royal privilege by positioning herself as the object of treason

163
Q

That didst set up my disobedience ‘gainst the King

A

Who drove me to disobedience against the king

164
Q

Innogen: It is no act of common passage but / A strain of rareness

A

Innogen marriage to Posthumous is no common act, but an unusual circumstance.

  • lower social rank- doesn’t reflect her exceptional character
165
Q

(When thou shalt) be disedged…

A

have (your) sexual appetite satisfied

literally, have the edge removed. Recalls Hamlet with ‘it would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge’

166
Q

(be disedged by her) that now thou tirest on

A
  1. Feed on ravenously

2. Exhaust yourself in sexual activity

167
Q

The lamb entreats the butcher (not a translation, but what does it recall?)

A

Recalls Iachimo’s account of lust as ravening the first lamb

168
Q

Pisanio: I’ll wake mine eyeballs out first

A
  • I’ll stay awake until my eyeballs drop out before I obey Posthumous’ command to execute you
  • Perhaps reminds of Lear with blinding of Gloucester
169
Q

The time inviting thee

A

Why wait so long (literally time itself giving you a good opportunity).

170
Q

Innogen: Why hast thou gone so far / To be unbent when thou hast ta’en thy stand, /. Th’elected deer before thee

A

•Why have you travelled so far to keep your bow unbent when you have positioned yourself with the chosen (elected) stag before you/in your sights -

metaphor of hunt, with Innogen as an animal being preyed upon

171
Q

Pisanio: But to win time / To lose so bad employment

A

Just to win some time to think about how to get out of doing this terrible task (employment)

Verbal antithesis & syntactic repetition (anaphora) combined (jux of win & lose)

172
Q

In the which

A

In which time

173
Q

Innogen: Can take no greater wound / Nor tent to bottom that

A

Cannot receive a probe (tent) to sufficient to reach the bottom of that wound

Tent was probe of material used in surgery to search & cleanse wound to full depth

Innogen expressing own vulnerability after betrayal by Posthumous- emotionally delicate

174
Q

I thought you would not back again

A

I thought you would not go back again

175
Q

Most like;

Bringing me here to kill me.

A

That makes sense, since you were bringing me here to kill me.

176
Q

(not so) neither

A

used to intensify a negative

177
Q

My purpose would prove well

A

My plan would be successful

178
Q

(and) singular in his art

A

Unmatched in his art

179
Q

Some Roman Courtesan

A

Some Roman woman of some social status

180
Q

Some bloody sign (comparative point)

A

Analogous to his own earlier requirement that Iachimo produce some kind of evidence of Innogen’s infidelity

181
Q

Innogen: I’th’world’s volume / Our Britain seems as of it but not in’t

A

If the world were a book, Britain would be a page of it- part of it, but separate at the same time.

A meta-textual image

182
Q

In a great pool a swan’s nest

A

It’s like a swan’s nest in a huge lake.

N.b. both of the previous images adapt Virgil’s first Eclogue, which created the trope of Britain as a place cut off from the world

183
Q

There’s livers out of Britian

A

There are people who live outside of Britiain

184
Q

Dark (as your fortune is)

A

As inscrutable/As melancholy

185
Q

That which t’appear itself must not yet be / But by self-danger

A

• Innogen should disguise herself so that she is not exposed to danger through recognition

186
Q

You should tread a course / Pretty and full of view

A
  • ‘Pretty’- clever
  • ‘Full of view’- have many opportunities of observing Posthumous
  • Also possible that Innogen, like Rosalind as Ganymede in As You Like It, will take part of pretty youth & maintain full visibility on stage
187
Q

Innogen: Though peril to my modesty, not death on’t, / I would adventure

A

Though by taking such a risk, I would endanger my chastity, I would not lose it altogether

188
Q

Pisanio: The handmaids of all women, or more truly / Woman it pretty self

A

Attendants of all women, or more honestly the essence of woman herself

N.b. refers to these qualities - shows how gender is performative

189
Q

Pisanio: Waggish courage, / Ready in gibes, quick-answered, saucy, and / As querrelous as the weasel

A
  • Mischievous courage, prepared with tauntsquick-witted, saucy
  • Weasel is proverbially querulous animal
190
Q

Pisanio: O, the harder heart! / Alack, no remedy – to the greedy touch / Of common-kissing Titan, and forget / Your laboursome and dainty trims wherin / You made great Juno angry

A

Expression of grief (e.g. ‘O what a terrible thing’) at fact that Innogen must expose her cheek to the sun- do away with adormnments for the purpose of disguise

Titan- sun who shines on all alike= ‘common-kissing’- indiscriminate

June = jealous of of Innogen’s beauty

191
Q

Pisanio: Doublet, hat, hose, all / That answer to them.

A

Close-fitting jacket for men, hat, breeches, all that would go with them.

192
Q

Would you in their serving, / And with what imitation you can borrow / From youth of such a season

A

If you would with their help, and with what skill of acting you can produce from youth of such an age

193
Q

And doubling that most holy

A

And doubling that, he’s very virtuous

194
Q

Pisanio: If that his head have ear in music

A

If Lucius has the smallest ear for music

195
Q

Your means abroad: you have me, rich

A

As for your financial needs when you are abroad, you have me who is in possession of abundant assets

196
Q

(and I will never fail) beginning nor supplyment

A

… to provide your initial and ongoing provisions

197
Q

(but we’ll) even (all that good time will give us)

A

We’ll keep pace with

198
Q

I am soldier to

A

I am committed to

199
Q

Your carriage from the court

A

your removal from Court

200
Q

Distempter

A

Illness

201
Q

To some shade/ And fit you to your manhood

A

Go to some sheltered place & put on your male attire/clothing

202
Q

Thus far; and so farewell.

A

That’s all I have to say, so goodbye.

203
Q

To show less sovereignty than they, must needs

Appear unkinglike.

A

And if I were less eager for self-governance than they are, I would seem less king-like than them.

204
Q

A conduct

A

An escort to ensure his safety

205
Q

that office/the due of honour in no point omit

A

that function/the propriety owed to Lucius as ambassador, you should not forget

206
Q

the event (is yet to name the winner)

A

the outcome

207
Q

The Severn

A

The river that runs between England and South Wales

208
Q

it honours us that we have given him a cause

A

it does us credit that we have given him a reason to do so

209
Q

Your valiant Britons have their wishes in it.

A

Your subjects the brave Britons are getting what they want.

210
Q

Will soon be drawn to head

A

Will soon be brought to their full strength

211
Q

hath made us forward

A

has made us well prepared in advance

212
Q

The duty of the day

A

• Innogen has not given daily greeting due to parent from child- usually accompanied with bow

213
Q

She look us like…

A

She seems to us (NOT SHE LOOKS AT US AND WE SEEM TO HER)

214
Q

We have been too slight in sufferance

A

We have been too lax in tolerating (her behaviour)

215
Q

(Most) retired (hath her life been)

A

Withdrawn

216
Q

Forbear sharp speeches to her

A

Avoid overly-critical speeches to her

217
Q

(Can her) contempt (be answered)

A

Disobedience

218
Q

(She prayed me to excuse) her keeping close

A

Her keeping secluded

219
Q

Constrained by her infirmity

A

Limited by her illness

220
Q

Queen: Our great court / Made me too blame in memory

A

Our important business at court made me culpably forgetful (i.e. made me lapse in memory, a lapse which is my fault)

221
Q

I pray his absence / Proceed by swallowing that

A

Hopes Pisanio’s absence from court/lack of appearances is result of him consuming the poison

222
Q

Haply (despair hath seized her)

A

Perhaps she has been seized by despair

223
Q

She being down/I have the placing of the British crown

A

With her out of the way, I have the (executive) decision of who gets the British Crown.

224
Q

May the night forestall him of the coming day

A

May this night make his rage fatal to him

225
Q

for she’s fair and royal/and that she hath all courtly part more exquisite than lady, ladies, woman.

A

Because she beautiful and royal/ and because her desirable parts are more exquisite than any lady, than all ladies, than womankind

226
Q

She of all compounded / Outsells them all

A

Innogen is composite/combined of all beautiful traits/features that other women possess= assemblage of ideal components & worth, altogether, more than they are- value exceeds all others

Second attempt at valuation of Innogen

227
Q

Slanders so her judgement that what’s else rare is choked

A

So discredits her judgement that what else is exceptional is smothered

228
Q

What are you packing, Sirrah?

A

What are you scheming, good sir (= a form of address to an inferior)

229
Q

you precious pander

A

you precious go-between/pimp

230
Q

Cloten: Posthumous, / From whose so many weights of baseness cannot / A dram of worth be drawn

A

Posthumous, who is so weighed down with baseness that not even a tiny quantity of worthiness can be extracted from him

•‘Dram’- 1/8 of an ounce in apothecaries’ weights

231
Q

Come nearer

A

Also mans ‘answer more directly’

232
Q

Satisfy me home

A

Satisfy me throughly

233
Q

This paper is the history of my knowledge / Touching her flight

A

Hands letter to Cloten that Posthumous wrote to Innogen asking her to travel to Wales

234
Q

Or this or perish

A

Either show him this letter or be killed

235
Q

May prove his travail

A

May make trial of his exertion/prompt his travel

236
Q

If thou wouldst not be a villain

A

If you would not be a soundrel/remain a low servant

237
Q

honest man

A

Compare to Edgar’s ‘serviceable villain’ in KL

238
Q

thou shouldst neither want my means for thy

relief nor my voice for thy preferment.

A

You’ll always be able to count on my money to get you out of trouble and my support for your promotion

239
Q

Cloten: Thou hast stuck to the bare fortune of / that beggar Posthumous,

A

• You have associated/linked yourself to the worthless/wretched fortune of the beggar Posthumous;

240
Q

thou canst not in the course / Of gratitude but be a diligent follower of mine

A

Given what I will reward you, you cannot avoid being a dutiful servant to me

241
Q

than my noble and natural person together with the

adornment of my qualities.

A

Than the combination of my noble and well-endowed person and my particular gifts/abilities/qualities

242
Q

my speech of insultment

A

my speech of contemptuous triumph

243
Q

I’ll knock her back, foot her home again

A

I’ll beat her back, kick her home again

244
Q

Duteous and true

A

dutiful and loyal

245
Q

Thou bidst me to my loss

A

the loss of my honour

246
Q

Come and be true

A

Come and be loyal (refers to end of p.271)

247
Q

(This fool’s speed be) crossed (with slowness; labour be his) meed)

A

thwarted, reward

248
Q

Innogen: Thou wast within a ken. O Jove, I think / Foundations fly the wretched

A

•You were within sight. O Juppiter, I think security/charitable institutions do not help those who most need them

249
Q

Innogen: Will poor folks lie, / That have afflictions on them, knowing ‘tis / A punishment or trial?…

‘To lapse in fullness is sorer than to lie for need’

A

•Will poor people lie who are afflicted, knowing their afflictions are meant either to punish them or to test their truthfulness

To lie when prosperous is worse than to lie out of necessity

250
Q

Innogen: Even before I was / at point to sink for food

A

•Only a moment ago, I was about to sink due to lack of food

251
Q

Innogen: Famine / Ere clean it o’erthrow nature, makes it valiant

A

Hunger, before it completely overcomes my person, makes it courageous

252
Q

Innogen: Hardness ever / Of hardiness is mother

A

Hardship continually breeds fortitude

253
Q

Innogen: If savage, / Take or lend

A

If you are savage, accept my money (take) or give me food (lend)

254
Q

Innogen: Such a foe, good heavens

A

May the heavens grant me a foe as timid as I am

255
Q

Belarius: ‘Tis our match

A

It is decreed/arranged in our agreement

256
Q

Belarius: The sweat of industry would dry and die / But for the end it works to. Come, our stomachs / Will make what’s homely savoury

A
  • The strenuous exertion of human labour would disappear and cease were it not for the goal to which it is directed
  • Hunger will turn plain/basic food into a succulent enjoyment/feast/tasty
257
Q

Belarius: Weariness / Can snore upon the flint when resty sloth / Finds the down pillow hard. Now peace be here, / Poor house, that keep’st thyself

A
  • One who is tired can sleep on a hard rock, while idle laziness finds a feather pillow to be unyielding
  • Now may peace be here; the poor house is looked after only by yourself
258
Q

Guiderius: We’ll browse

A

•Feed/nibble

259
Q

Belarius: But that it eats our victuals, I should think / Here were a fairy

A

•If it were not that it eats our food, I should believe that a fairy were here

260
Q

Innogen: I would have left it on the board

A

•I would have put it on the table

261
Q

Aviragus: All gold and silver rather turn to dirt, / As ‘tis no better reckoned but of those / Who worship dirty gods

A

Gold and silver should just turn to dirt, since it isn’t worth any more than dirt except by those people who worship dirty gods.

  • Money characterised as idolatry
  • ‘But of’- ‘except by’
  • Simplistic, innocent land of Milford Haven- not hedonism of court & prizing of objects/valuation of material
262
Q

Belarius: Think us no churls…you shall have better cheer

A
  • Do not consider us rustics/peasants
  • You will have better entertainment

As with Orlando in AYL, in both cases, the courtly intruder assumes more savagery than he finds

263
Q

Guiderius: But be your groom in honesty. / Ay, bid for you as I’d buy

A
  • I would fail to be your honourable bridegroom
  • Yes, I would offer love for you as I would buy you
  • Mercenary language
264
Q

Innogen: Then had my prize / been less, and so more equal ballasting / To thee, Posthumous

A

Then I wouldn’t have mattered as much, and you would have seemed more like my equal, Posthumus.

  • Innogen imagines herself as ship & wishes weight of cargo equal to Posthumous, as it would be if she had brothers who superseded her as heir to throne
  • Her wishes prepares for play’s resolution
  • Ballast- heavy material placed in hold of ship to weigh it down & prevent capsizing
265
Q

Belarius: He wrings at some distress

A

•He struggles/writhes at some difficult problem

266
Q

Innogen: Had the virtue / Which their own conscience sealed them, laying by / That nothing gift of differing multitudes / Could not outpeer these twain

A
  • The virtue/courage/temperament that their own self-knowledge confirmed in them, setting aside the worthless adulation of variable, fickle crowds/would prove to be no nobler than these two
  • Superficial social rituals/conventions of court have no influence/presence in cave
267
Q

We’ll go dress our hunt

A

We’ll go prepare our game for cooking (think of salad being dressed)

268
Q

Aviragus: The night to th’owl and morn to th’lark less / welcome

A

Night less welcome to the owl (who desires it) & morning to the lark than Innogen is to Aviragus & Guiderius

269
Q

This is the tenor of the Emperor’s writ

A

This is the substance of the Emperor’s written command

270
Q

1 Senator: The fall’n-off Britons

A

Revolted/rebellious

271
Q

The gentry

A

Those of higher rank than commen men

272
Q

Proconsul

A

Provincial governor (i.e. ruler of Britain once conquered)

273
Q

to you the tribunes For this immediate levy, he commands his absolute commission

A

and he’s ordering you tribunes to recruit (levy) people, and he makes such a command with absolute authority

274
Q

1 Senator: Whereunto your levy / Must be supplyant

A
  • Unto which our recruitment (of soldiers) must be supplementary. Forces from Gallia inadequate to sustain war against Britain alone & to be supplemented by gentry that tribunes are instructed to recruit from Rome
  • Sense of declining military might of Rome
275
Q

1 Senator: The words of your commission / Will tie you (to the numbers and the time / Of their dispatch)…

we will discharge our duty

A

•Words of the commission will specify to you

We will do our duty