Governance

Question 1

Who outlined the 3 different ways of legitimising authority?

Answer 1

Bulkeley (2012)

Question 2

What are the 3 different ways of legitimising authority?

Answer 2

Consent = using monitoring and standard setting to force people to avoid exclusion
Consensus = translation of the problem in to understood and standardised measures that they will respond to
Concord = normalisation of a process or activity

Question 3

Who named climate change a ‘wicked problem’?

Answer 3

Rayner and Okereke (2007)

Question 4

How is climate change a ‘wicked problem’?

Answer 4

1. global impacts and causes
2. uncertainty
3. institutions to handle issue only partly formed
4. feedbacks and connections
5. long term impacts are not urgent
6. Not a ‘silver bullet’ solution
7. managing issue does not conform to the current political framework

Question 5

Who said that the Copenhagen Accord was a cop out?

Answer 5

Dimitrov (2016)

Question 6

How was the Copenhagen Accord a cop out?

Answer 6

1) targets were too low
2) non-binding to any country
3) ambiguous in international law because of non-conformity

Question 7

What did Betsil (2017) state?

Answer 7

Trump’s statement that the COP21 agreement was an infringement upon US sovereignty. This opinion did not however acknowledge the ‘bottom-up’ process that the agreement was based upon and the withdrawal from the agreement was opposed by 59% of the American public.

Question 8

What did Betsil (2017) state might happen as a result of the US withdrawal from the COP21 agreement?

Answer 8

It may provoke more aggressive action towards climate mitigation from non-government actors.

Question 9

What is sthe c40 cities programme?

Answer 9

A programme that will aim to place the heart of climate change governance within urban areas.

Question 10

Why would it make sense to put the heart of climate change governance in cities?

Answer 10

1) because they have and will continue to share a large part of the global population as rural-urban migration increases; 2) controllers of urban areas are directly accountable to their constituents; 3) immediate and significant impacts in these areas; 4) many urban issues are tied to other urban areas issues so would be supported; 5) can establish intra-urban networks

Question 11

Who outlined the geopolitics problem of climate change?

Answer 11

Barnett (2007)

Question 12

Who outlined the scale problem of climate change?

Answer 12

Bulkeley (2005)

Question 13

What is the geopolitics problem of climate change?

Answer 13

Climate change is a transnational issue in a divided world that would make the solutions very difficult to make work with so many barriers

Question 14

What is the scale problem of climate change?

Answer 14

Climate change transcends numerous scales (local, national and international) which are hard to make different strategies work for all of them