8

Question 1

skeletal muscle

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

muscles

Answer 2

tissue with the ability to contract

Question 3

tendon

Answer 3

tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 4

ligamanent

Answer 4

attaches bone to bone

Question 5

antagonistic pairs

Answer 5

flexor closes a joint

extensor open a joint

Question 6

arm antagonistic pair

Answer 6

biceps flexes the elbow

triceps extends the arm

Question 7

muscle structure

Answer 7

composed of bundles of fascicles that composed millions of muscle fibres
bound by a loose connective sheath called an epimysium

Question 8

muscle types

Answer 8

skeletal attached to bone
cardiac walls of myocardium
smooth organs

Question 9

striated/ skeletal muscles

Answer 9

voluntary muscle

low endurance muscle

Question 10

muscle biopsy

Answer 10

wide bore needed inserted into muscle to take a sample

Question 11

muscle fibers

Answer 11

hexagonal
nuclei on outside(peripheral
fibres same size

Question 12

cardiac muscle

Answer 12

only in the heart
type of striated muscle but related to smooth
involuntary
high endurance
1-2 nuclei per cell
intercalated discs allow transfer of ions
inverted pace maker

Question 13

smooth muscle

Answer 13

lines the digestive tract, bronchus, and blood vessels
involuntary
high endurance

Question 14

motor unit

Answer 14

composed of a single motor neuron innervate more then one muscle fibre
fewer muscle fibres per motor unit leads to increased dexterity

Question 15

neuromuscular junction (Nmj)

Answer 15

motor endplate

connection b/w muscle fibre and motor neuron

Question 16

motor unit

Answer 16

degree of contraction of a whole muscle is a function of the number of MUs which stimulate at any time
maximal contraction is when MUs fire together

Question 17

asynchronous firing

Answer 17

graded response ensures a smooth non jerky response

Question 18

muscle contract 2 ways

Answer 18

isometric : same length

isotonic: same tension

Question 19

isometric contraction

Answer 19

length remains but muscle contracts no movement

Question 20

isotonic contraction

Answer 20

muscle length changes
tension remains constant
*concentric: muscle shorten
*eccentric: muscle lengthens

Question 21

concentric isotonic contraction

Answer 21

force generated is greater then load applied to it

muscle lengthens as it contracts

Question 22

eccentric isotonic contraction

Answer 22

occur to slow joint movement
muscles undergoing heavy eccentric loading suffer greater damage when overloaded
muscles are 10% stronger

Question 23

tension

Answer 23

force needed for muscle to contract

Question 24

muscle physiology 3 phases

Answer 24

latent period between the stimulus and first visible reaction (0.0005s)
contraction period muscle shortens (0.04)s
relaxation muscle returns to original length(0.05s)

Question 25

refractory period

Answer 25

after initial stimulation muscle needs to relax before it can contract again (0.002s)

Question 26

summation

Answer 26

muscle responds to second stimulation while contracting second stimulus being superimposed on first
resulting in a greater shortening

Question 27

tetanization/

Answer 27

<40/milisec

maximum contraction

Question 28

2 ways summation occur

Answer 28

1. increase number of motor units involved( multiple motor unit summation)
2. increase the rate of contraction of individual motor units( wave summation)
   improve asynchronous firing