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GCSE Geography > 8) Consuming Energy Resources > Flashcards

8) Consuming Energy Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main categories of energy resources?

A

Renewable
Non-renewable
Recyclable

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2
Q

What are non-renewable energy sources?

A

Sources which are not sustainable and cannot be used at the current rate forever

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3
Q

What are examples of non-renewable energy sources?

A

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

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4
Q

What are renewable energy sources?

A

Sources that are sustainable and can be reused forever

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5
Q

What are examples of renewable energy sources?

A

Solar
Wind
HEP

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6
Q

What are recyclable energy sources?

A

Sources created by recycling waste produced by humans to create more energy

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7
Q

What are examples of recyclable energy sources?

A

Nuclear fuel

Biofuels

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8
Q

What are environmental impacts of mining and drilling for energy sources?

A

Deforestation
Oil spills
Greenhouse gas emissions
Landscape scarring

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9
Q

What is landscape scarring?

A

Removing everything on top of a coalfield to then dig the coal

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10
Q

What type of mining is landscape scarring?

A

Surface mining

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11
Q

What were effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010?

A

4.9 million barrels leaked into Gulf of Mexico

82,000 birds and 26,000 marine mammals injured or killed

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12
Q

What are impacts of renewable energy on the landscape?

A

HEP flooding

Land clearing for turbines or solar panels

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13
Q

What are negatives of solar panels?

A

Habitats destroyed to make space

Reflected heat can disturb animals

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14
Q

What are factors that affect access to energy resources?

A 
Economic factors
Technological factors
Geological factors
Political factors
Geographic factors
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15
Q

What economic factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Some locations are more expensive to extract
More expensive to dig under oceans
Lots of countries have to import oil and prices often change

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16
Q

What technological factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Fracking is difficult
Some countries lack the educated population
Some countries lack the infrastructure to mine

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17
Q

What geological factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Fossil fuels are in limited supply
Some countries have lots of oil and some have none
Solar and wind power are impractical if there is a lack of wind or sunlight

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18
Q

What political factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Lack of institutions and war can stop development

International agreemenets limit the burning of fossil fuels

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19
Q

What geographic factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Wind energy is only viable for countries with lots of wind
HEP isn’t feasible for flat countries
Harder to dig under impermeable rocks

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20
Q

What is electricity produced in?

A

Gigawatt hours (GWh)

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21
Q

Which country produces the most electricty in the world?

A

China (7.1 million GWh)

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22
Q

Why does energy have to be generated locally in LICs?

A

Lack of national grids of energy infrastructures

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23
Q

Which country consumes the most energy?

A

China (24%)

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24
Q

What do LICs often use to generate energy?

A

Biomass

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25
Q

Where are most of the world’s oil reserves found?

A

The Middle East

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26
Q

What do oil reserves focus on?

A

Which oil is physically located in a country

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27
Q

What does oil production focus on?

A

Whether oil is extracted or not

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28
Q

What are opil reserves also known as?

A

Recoverable oil

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29
Q

What factors affect oil supplies and prices?

A

Economic

International relations

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30
Q

How do economic factors affect oil supplies and prices?

A

Booms in economy cause prices to rise
Oil prices fall in recessions
Organisation OPEC works together to determine oil prices

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31
Q

What is OPEC?

A

A group of oil-producing countries who work together to determine the oil price

32
Q

How do international relations affect oil supplies and prices?

A

Lots of oil is located in the Middle East
Historically these countries are involved in conflicts which damages oil production infrastructure
Bad relations with oil-producing countries increases oil prices

33
Q

What are countries and companies trying to do as the demand for energy rises?

A

Extract oil and gas from harder to access locations

34
Q

What are difficult to access locations known as?

A

‘Isolated’ or ‘Ecologically-sensitive’

35
Q

What are benefits of extracting more resources?

A

Improves people’s standard of living
‘Energy miles’ could be reduced
Can create jobs in the Amazon/ Arctic

36
Q

What are costs of exploiting isolated locations for energy?

A

Wildlife will be disturbed
Marine life and corals can be destroyed
Ice cores can be destroyed
Pollultion from extracting raw materials

37
Q

What are unconventional ways of extracting oil and gas?

A

Fracking for shale ags

Extracting oil from tar sands

38
Q

What do tar sands contain that can be turned into oil?

A

Bitumen

39
Q

How is shale gas extracted?

A

Fracking shale rocks

40
Q

What is the process of fracking?

A

Compressed water is forced into rocks, releasing gas

41
Q

What are disadvantages of fracking?

A

Can cause mini earthquakes
Can pollute water supplies
Land needs to be cleared

42
Q

How are tar sands mined?

A

Landscape scarring (surface mining)

43
Q

Which country has the largest shale gas reserves?

A

China

44
Q

What are 2 key methods of conserving energy?

A

Energy efficiency

Energy conservation

45
Q

How is technology increasing fossil fuel use efficiency?

A

Hybrid and electric vehicles
UK has banned petrol cars from 2035
Autonomous vehicles prevent constant braking and accelerating

46
Q

How does demand reduction increase energy efficiency?

A

Public transport and walking

Encouraging buying local goods reduces food miles

47
Q

How does designing homes and offices increase energy efficiency?

A

Proper insulation reduces heat lost

Solar panels or mini wind turbines provide renewable energy

48
Q

How does sustainable transport increase energy efficiency?

A

Public transport lowers individuals’ carbon footprints

Electric cars emit less greenhouse gas

49
Q

How much lower are emissions from electric vehicles than petrol vehicles?

A

17% - 30%

50
Q

What are 3 advantages of reducing fossil fuel use?

A

Better energy security
Lower carbon footprints
More resilient energy supplies

51
Q

How does reducing fossil fuel use mean better energy security?

A

Renewable energy sources are located in the country consuming the energy
Improves countries’ control over thie rown destiny

52
Q

What is a peron’s carbo footprint?

A

An indicator of how many greenhouse gases their activities produce

53
Q

What is a benefit of using more resilient energy supplies?

A

A diaster harming one source of energy will not destroy a nation’s ability to produce energy

54
Q

What are advantages of solar energy?

A

Renewable

55
Q

What are disadvantages of solar energy?

A

Requires sunlight

56
Q

What are advantages of biofuels?

A

Renewable and sustainable
More reliable than wind and solar
Can be amde from waste products

57
Q

What are disadvantages of biofuels?

A

Deforestation

Growing biomass needs lots of water

58
Q

What are advantages of HEP?

A

Renewable

More relaible than wind and solar

59
Q

What are disadvantages of HEP?

A

Dams often change the paths of river

Flooding harms biodiversity

60
Q

What are advantages of wind power?

A

Renewable

61
Q

What are disadvantages of wind power?

A

Unreliable (needs wind)

Deforestation for wind farms

62
Q

What are advantages of hydrogen fuel?

A

Only waste product is water

63
Q

What are disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cells?

A

Not as popular as scientists had hoped

Hydrogen is flammable and very dangerous

64
Q

What do TNCs think about the future of energy?

A

Focus on maximising profits
Will only change behaviour if forced too
Using fossil fuels is cheapest

65
Q

What do TNCs favour for the future of energy?

A

Business as usual

66
Q

What do environmental groups think about the future of energy?

A

Their only focus is to preserve wildlife and the environment

67
Q

What do environmental groups favour for the future of energy?

A

A move to sustainability

68
Q

What do climate scientists think about the future of energy?

A

Would encourage a move to sustainability

Research is not changing consumers’ behaviour

69
Q

What does Malthus think about the future of energy?

A

The Earth’s population will get too big that the Earth cannot produce enough food

70
Q

What does Boserup think about the future of energy?

A

Humans will always find a way to generate enough resources

71
Q

What do governments favour for the future of energy?

A

Business as usual

72
Q

What are the 2 main views for the future of energy?

A

Business as usual

Become more sustainable

73
Q

How can consumers effect the future of energy?

A

Options to buy sustainable clothing

74
Q

How can education lead people to reduce their carbon footprint?

A

GCSE Bio and GEO teach about climate change

75
Q

How does rising wealth and affluence affect people’s attitudes to energy?

A

Richer people can afford sustainable products

Richer countries can invest in public transport and infrastructure

76
Q

How do environmental concerns affect people’s attitudes to energy?

A

More extreme weather events may cause people to change their behaviour

GCSE Geography (9 decks)

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