Chapter 5

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

science concerned with internal and external forces acting on body

Question 2

Superior

Answer 2

above point of reference

Question 3

Inferior

Answer 3

below point of reference

Question 4

Proximal

Answer 4

position nearest center of body

Question 5

distal

Answer 5

postion farthest away from center of body

Question 6

anterior

Answer 6

front of body

Question 7

posterior

Answer 7

back of body

Question 8

medial

Answer 8

near middle of obdy

Question 9

lateral

Answer 9

near outside of body

Question 10

contralateral

Answer 10

opposite side of body

Question 11

ipsalateral

Answer 11

same side of body

Question 12

anatomic position

Answer 12

base of all anatomic terminology (body erect, arms at sides, palms facing forward)

Question 13

sagittal plane

Answer 13

bisector divids body into left and right halfs (move forward and back, flexion and extention)

Question 14

flexion

Answer 14

bending movement where angle decreases

Question 15

extention

Answer 15

straightening movement where angle increases

Question 16

frontal plane

Answer 16

bisector divides body into front and back halves (move laterally, abduction and adduction)

Question 17

abduction

Answer 17

movement in frontal plane away from body

Question 18

adduction

Answer 18

movement in frontal plane toward body

Question 19

Transverse plane

Answer 19

bisector dividing body into top and bottom halves (move with rotation or horizontal abduction/adduction)

Question 20

Scapular retraction

Answer 20

adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward midline

Question 21

Scapular protraction

Answer 21

abduction of scapulae; shoulders blades move away from midline

Question 22

Eccentric muscle action

Answer 22

when a muscle develops tension while lengthening; resistive force is greater than muscular force

Question 23

Concentric muscle action

Answer 23

when muscle is exerting force greater than resistive force, shortening of the muscle

Question 24

Isometric muscle action

Answer 24

When muscle is exerting force equal to force being placed on it; no visible change in muscle length

Question 25

Isokinetic muscle action

Answer 25

when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

Question 26

Length-tension relationship

Answer 26

resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Question 27

force-couple

Answer 27

muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

Question 28

motor behavior

Answer 28

motor response to internal and external stimuli

Question 29

motor control

Answer 29

how CNS integrates sensory info to produce motor response

Question 30

motor learning

Answer 30

integration of motor control processes thorugh practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in capacity of movements

Question 31

motor development

Answer 31

change in motor skill behavior over time

Question 32

muscle synergies

Answer 32

groups of muscle recruited by CNS to produce movement