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ICND2 Review > Boson Notes > Flashcards

Boson Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between “switchport port-security restrict/protect/shutdown”

A

restrict: Interface will remain up if more than the max # of addresses are learned, but traffic from the violating devices is dropped and log entry is generated
protect: same as restrict but no log is generated
shutdown: shuts down the port if more than max allowed MAC addresses are learned on the interface

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2
Q

DIfference between alternate and backup port

A

Alternate: Will become root if root fails

Backup port: When connected to a hub

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3
Q

What’s the default priority for STP?

A

32786 [0-65535]

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4
Q

RSTP port types

A

P2P: switch to switch
Shared: connected to a hub (half-duplex)
Edge: connected to hosts

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5
Q

spanning-tree root primary, what is default priority in this case?

A

Default priority 24576, unless there is a switch with lower priority, then deduct increment of 4096

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6
Q

Four modes of VTP

A

Client, server, transparent, off

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7
Q

Requirements for VTP

A

Domain Name must match, they must have a trunk

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8
Q

ACL Standard and Extended numbers

A

Standard:
1-99
1300-1999

Extended:
100-199
2000-2699

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9
Q

IPV4 AND IPV6. Relate them to numbered and named ACLs

A

IPv6 only named ACLs

IPv4 only numbered and named ACLs

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10
Q

What is DTP?

A

DTP: dynamic desirable and dynamic auto to actively make trunks

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11
Q

Steps for finding routing order

A
  1. ) Router looks at prefix length (most specific)
  2. ) Lowest AD
  3. ) Metric
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12
Q

What algorithm does OSPF have?

A

Djakstra

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13
Q

How does OSPF and EIGRP differ in terms of knowing topology?

A

EIGRP relies on neighbors, OSPF has complete network vision

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14
Q

Reference bandwidth for EIGRP and OSPF

A

10 Mbps for EIGRP and 100Mbps for OSPF

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15
Q

PPP and HDLC differences

A

HDLC is Cisco proprietary

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16
Q

What is the difference between LCP and NCP? (For PPP)

A

LCP: Takes care of setting up a link

NCP: Makes sure we can send IP and other protocols across our PPP links

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17
Q

What algorithms are used for encryptions?

A

AES, DES, DES56

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18
Q

What divides an AS into areas?

A

OSPF

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19
Q

What is path isolation and what technologies can be used to accomplish it?

A

Ensures authenticated users can access the virtual network resources appropriate to their credentials or locations.

GRE tunnel and MPLS VPNs

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20
Q

What is access control and what standard is used for it?

A

Prevents unauthorized users from accessing the virtual network at all

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21
Q

What does
RouterA(config-router)#
-and-
RouterA(config-rtr)#

represent?

A

OSPFv2

-and-

OSPFv3

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22
Q

How long does a DHCP server lease IP addresses to Host by default?

A

1 day

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23
Q

Before a user is authenticated, what type of traffic is allowed through the switch port?

A

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs), STP, and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)

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24
Q

What command globally enables 802.1x on a switch?

A

dot1x system-auth-control

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25
Q

What does each of the command ‘dot1x port-control [force-authorized/force-unauthorized/auto]’

A

auto: enables authentication on the port, connection is between switch and host; however, if a host is configured with 802.1x authentication, the host will be authenticated

force-authorized: configures the port to authorize any host that connects to the port, no 802.1x authentication process will take place

force-unauthorized: configures a port to never allow authentication for a connected host

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26
Q

How do you configure the OSPF Hello and Dead timers/

A

ip ospf hello-interval

ip ospf dead-interval

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27
Q

What does …!! mean?

A

An ARP Resolution error

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28
Q

What does U.U.U mean?

A

ICMP Destination Unreachable error

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29
Q

What is FIB table?

A

Contain all prefixes from the IP routing table & structured in a way that is optimized for forwarding

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30
Q

What is an adjacency table?

A

Maintains Layer 2 addressing info for the FIB

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31
Q

What is an ARP table?

A

Contains Layer 3 to Layer 2 address translations

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32
Q

What is a CAM table?

A

Used to find the relationship between Layer 2 address and physical port to reach a device

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33
Q

What are serial interfaces most often used for?

A

To connect routes over point-to-point leased lines. Connects a service provider to another serial device at a remote location

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34
Q

What does “!A” mean in traceroute command?

A

It means there is an ACL applied

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35
Q

Where should “ip nat outside” and “ip nat inside” be issued?

A

“ip nat outside” should be issued on interface that is on the public side of the network

“ip nat inside” should be on the private side of the network

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36
Q

What does LWAPP protocol do?

A

Provides info exchange and other things between AP and a WLC (Wireless LAN controller)

37
Q

“switchport port-security violation [protect/restrict/shutdown]”

Generates SNMP Trap:
Generates Syslog message:
Increments violation counter:
Places port in error-disabled state:

A 
Protect
Generates SNMP Trap: No
Generates Syslog message: No
Increments violation counter: No
Places port in error-disabled state: No
Restrict
Generates SNMP Trap: Yes
Generates Syslog message: Yes
Increments violation counter: Yes
Places port in error-disabled state: No
Shutdown
Generates SNMP Trap: No
Generates Syslog message: Yes
Increments violation counter: Yes
Places port in error-disabled state: Yes
38
Q

What does “switchport nonegotiate” do?

A

To disable DTP

39
Q

What does “switchport mode access” do?

A

Puts port into permanent access mode

40
Q

What does “switchport mode dynamic auto” do?

A

Configures port to become trunk, only of other end of link is configured as a trunk or set to dynamic desirable mode

41
Q

What does “switchport mode dynamic desirable” do?

A

Configures a port to actively negotiate to become a trunk port

42
Q

When does a router send an ICMP destination unreachable error?

A
  • If a gateway of last resort has not been configured on a router
  • The remote network is not listed in the routing table on the router
43
Q

Causes of collision domain slowness

A
  • Malfunctioning NIC on an end-user workstation
  • Duplex mismatches
  • Interface errors
44
Q

Causes of broadcast domain connectivity slowness (slow intra-VLAN)

A
  • CPU is being overutilized
  • Misconfigured default gateway
  • Sluggish application on remote VLAN
45
Q

What devices are on the physical level?

A

Hubs and repeaters

46
Q

What does split horizon do?

A

Prevents routers from advertising a route through the same interface from which the route was learned

47
Q

Where should BPDU guards be enabled on?

A

On PortFast enable ports to prevent STP topology problems

48
Q

What does virtual network services do?

A

To provide centralized access without compromising the security of the individual groups (Policing is a component of architecture)

49
Q

What does a mismatch of MUT values do to two routers?

A

Causes a problem

50
Q

How do you find info about DR and BDR?

A

show ip ospf neighbor

51
Q

What is needed for VTP to synchronize VLAN config info between switches

A
  • Switches must be connected by an ISL or 802.1q trunk link
  • Case-sensitive VTP domain must match
  • VTP version must match
52
Q

How many subinterfaces for VTP

A

Connect a subinterface to each VLAN

53
Q

IPv6 neighbor statuses

A 
Incomplete
Reachable
Stale
Delay
Probe
54
Q

What must be specified for the tunnel source? (GRE tunnel)

A

Must be specified as an IP address or an interface #

55
Q

Where is the tunnel interface significant? (GRE tunnel)

A

It is locally significant

56
Q

What must exist on a local router for GRE tunnel?

A

Route to the tunnel destination must exist on local router

57
Q

What are the four steps to create a GRE tunnel?

A
  1. ) Create tunnel interface
  2. ) Assign IP address to tunnel interface
  3. ) Specify a tunnel source interface or IP address
  4. ) Specify a tunnel destination IP address
58
Q

Does RIP carry subnet mask info?

A

No it doesn’t

59
Q

Difference between collision and late collision

A

Collision: interruption before 64th byte

Late collision: interruption after 64th byte

60
Q

What is a Runt, Baby Giant, Jumbo?

A

Runt: frame that is less than 64 bytes and has bad FCS
Baby Giant: frame that is up to 1600 bytes
Jumbo: frame that is up to 9216 bytes in length

61
Q

What will router do if it detects an IP address conflict, in relation to DHCP pool

A

Router will remove the IP address from the DHCP pool

62
Q

What switch will be elected as stack master?

A

Switch with highest priority value

63
Q

How do you enable 802.1x authentication globally and on a single interface?

A

“dot1x system-auth-control”: for globally

“authentication port-control”: on a single interface

64
Q

What is the default data link protocol for Cisco routers?

A

HDLC

65
Q

When does a master switch election occur?

A
  • A stack is reset
  • Anything happens to Stack Master
  • New switch is added to the stack
66
Q

What are routers running BGP identified as?

A

BGP speakers

67
Q

How do you find stratum of reference clock if you are NTP master?
Stratum of NTP client running on router?

A

Reference clock if NTP master: show ntp associations

Stratum of NTP client: show ntp status

68
Q

What is MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)?

A

Used to speed packet delivery over multiple protocols

69
Q

What is the default configuration register value?

A

0x2102

70
Q

How do you prepare a single port to accept traffic from multiple hosts?

A

First issue “authentication port-control auto”

Then, “authentication host-mode multi-host”

71
Q

exec-timeout 3
login delay 5

What does 3 and 5 mean in this case?

A
  • It will configure the login inactivity timer on a router to three minutes
  • Minimum amount of time required between login attempts. 5 seconds in this case
72
Q

What counts as a topology change for STP and RSTP?

What does STP detect as a topology change that RSTP doesn’t?

A
  • A non-edge port moves to forwarding state
  • A new root bridge is manually configured in topology
  • When a switch in topology is powered off

However, only STP detects a port moving to blocking state as a topology change

73
Q

What is a GARP? (Gratuitous ARP)

A

Commonly used to test for IP address conflicts or to prepopulate the ARP tables of adjacent network hosts

74
Q

What is a RARP? (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

A

Used to translate hardware interface addresses to protocol addresses

75
Q

How are active routers and standby routers determined?

A

Highest standby priority would be active router. If tied, higher IP address is used. 2nd highest is standby router

76
Q

What are loop guards and with what should it not be used in conjunction?

A

Place inconsistent ports in blocking state. Should not be used in conjunction with PortFast or root guard

77
Q

What are the first 24 bits of a 48-bit multicast MAC address?

A

0100.5E

78
Q

What is the delay value of FastEthernet interfaces?

A

10

79
Q

What do Native VLANs allow in relation to remote switches and 802.1q trunk links?

A

It allows traffic to be sent to remote switches over an 802.1q trunk link untagged

80
Q

How do you configure a logical interface?

A

interface dialer 1
ip address negotiated
encapsulation ppp
pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1

81
Q

Will HDLC work with different routers from various vendors?

A

No

82
Q

Explain a hub-and-spoke technology

A

Every devices or site is directly connected by a single interface to a central device or site

83
Q

Where does Cisco recommend traffic to be classified and marked?

A

As close to the network edge as possible

84
Q

After a host receives a DHPACK packet, how long will a host wait before it attempts to renew?

A

12 hours

85
Q

By how much does Spanning Tree Root Bridge priorities go up by? What’s the third-lowest priority?

A

They go up by 4096.

Third lowest priority would be 8192

86
Q

What is HMAC?

A

Mechanism that uses a hash function to verify the integrity of data transmitted over a VPN

87
Q

What is Diffie-Hellman (DH)?

A

Secure method of exchanging public encryption keys over public network

88
Q

Are link-local unicast addresses routable?

A

No

ICND2 Review (12 decks)

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