8.3 Breathing

Question 1

What is breathing?

Answer 1

Breathing is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. When we breathe in we inhale oxygen which is used in respiration to transfer energy.

Question 2

What does respiration produce?

Answer 2

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Question 3

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Nose + Mouth
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Oxygen then diffuses into the blood.

Question 4

What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 4

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and Carbon Dioxide diffuses out to then be exhaled.

Question 5

What happens in the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Air enters the body through the mouth and nose.
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Air then moves down the Trachea (windpipe)
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Air moves down a bronchus in the lungs.
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Air moves through a bronchiole
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The air then reaches an alveolus where diffusion into the blood takes place.

Question 6

What happens when you inhale?

Answer 6

1. The muscles between your ribs contract pulling the rib cage up and out.
2. The diaphragm contracts, moving downwards
3. The volume inside your chest increases
4. The pressure inside your chest decreases pulling air into the lungs.

Question 7

What happens when you exhale?

Answer 7

1. The muscles between your ribs contract, pulling your ribcage down and in
2. The diaphragm relaxes moving up
3. The volume inside your chest decreases
4. The pressure inside your chest increases causing air to be forced out of the lungs.

Question 8

What can reduce lung volume?

Answer 8

Smoking, old age and diseases such as asthma can reduce lung volume

Question 9

What are drugs?

Answer 9

Drugs are chemical substances that affect the way your body works. They alter the chemical reactions that take place inside your body. There are two types of drugs - medicinal drugs and recreational drugs.

Question 10

What are medicinal drugs?

Answer 10

Medicinal drugs are used in medicine and benefit your health in some way. They may be used to treat the symptoms of a condition or to cure an illness.

Question 11

What are Recreational drugs?

Answer 11

Recreational drugs are drugs that people take for enjoyment, to help them relax, or to help them stay awake. Recreational drugs normally have no health benefits and in many cases are harmful. They are not pescribed by a doctor and are illegal in many cases.

Question 12

What is alcohol?

Answer 12

Alcohol contains the drug ethanol, and when you drink it, ethanol is absorbed into the bloodstream. It then travels to your brain where it affects your nervous system. Alcohol is a depressant.

Question 13

What are some dangers of alcohol?

Answer 13

You can gain an addiction and it can cause stomach ulcers, heart disease, and liver and brain damage.

Question 14

Why is smoking dangerous?

Answer 14

Smoking increases your chances of developing conditions such as breathing problems, cancer, heart attacks and strokes. Smokers are much more likely to die prematurely than non-smokers.

Question 15

What is passive smoking?

Answer 15

By breathing in other people’s smoke, your risk of developing circulatory and respiratory conditions increases.

Question 16

What’s in tobacco smoke (cigarrettes contain tobacco)?

Answer 16

1. Tar - a sticky black material that collects in the lungs, it irritates and narrows the airways and can cause cancer.
2. Nicotine - an addictive drug that speeds up the nervous system.
3. Carbon Monoxide - a poisonous gas that stops the blood from carrying as much oxygen as it should, it binds to the red blood cells in the place of oxygen

Question 17

How does smoking cause disease?

Answer 17

1. Heart disease - smoking causes a person’s arteries to become blocked
2. Emphysema (a lung disease) - chemicals in tobacco smoke affect the alveoli in your lungs, weakening the walls and causing them to sometimes burst during coughing.
3. Respiratory infections - Chemicals in tobacco smoke stop cilia from moving allowing mucus to flow into your lungs often causing infection.