biology (immune system) Flashcards
immune system
primary defence against viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites
components of the immune system
WBC lymph bone marrow thymus gland lymph nodes tonsils adenoids spleen
bone marrow
Makes white blood cells (WBC)
- some WBC stay in the bone marrow to become B-Cells
- others go to the thymus gland to make T-Cells
lymph nodes
filters pathogens
spleen
fist sized organs
filters pathogens from blood
removes worn out RBC
reservoir for RBC
thymus
produces T-Cells
skin
first layer of defence
if skin becomes punctured infection will follow
cilia/mucus
trap and sweep out pathogens
enzymes
- kill by the hydrochloric acid and digested by enzymes in your stomach
- enzymes called lysosomes are found in mucus, saliva, sweat, tears
- stops bacteria from replicating
cells involved in specific disease
macrophages helper T cells killer T cells B cells supressor T cells memory cells
macrophages
eats pathogens
displays a portion of the pathogen at its surface for helper T cells to identify
helper t-cells
releases chemical messengers into bloodstream to initiate the immune response
all WBCs respond by replicating
HIV infects helper t-cells, preventing the message to replicate from being passed along
killer t-cells
identify human cells which contain viruses and burst them
also destroy foreign cells like bacteria and fungi
b-cells
missile launcher
mature into plasma cells which produce antibodies Y
antibodies
antibodies are made by mature b-cells which are called plasma cells
antibodies travel through the bloodstream to find their target – they lock on to it and don’t let go
they have two identical antigen binding sites
