Vascular Disorders/Venous Disease Flashcards
What are DVT Symptoms? list three
- Pain
- Swelling (entire extremity)
- Erythema
- Severity varies
What is Superficial Thrombophlebitis?
inflammation of superficial veins-
Pain at site of superficial veins (palpable and tender)
-Erythema local
-Warmth local
-Minimal swelling at site/no significant extremity edema
- Often caused by lines
What are the Symptoms and Exam Findings of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens?
- Sudden severe leg pain
- Swelling, Edema – Firm (not soft to palpate)
- Cyanosis
- Venous gangrene
- Compartment syndrome
- Arterial compromise
- circulatory collapse and shock
- Surgical emergency – risk of limb and life loss
What is the primary diagnostic tests for DVT?
- Compression Ultrasonography
- Venous Duplex Imaging
What is the Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis?
- Superficial Thrombophlebitis
- Local heat – warm compresses
- Elevate about level of heart
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
- Remove catheter if in place
- If superficial vein near proximal junction
- Inflammation subsides in 1-2 weeks; firm cord may remain longer
What is the mainstay of treatment for Deep Venous Thrombosis? (class of meds, list three)
- Anticoagulation
- Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
- Apixaban (Eliquis)
- Warfarin (Coumadin) with LMWH bridge (Enoxaparin (Lovenox))
What is the pathophysiology of the Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
- Inadequate muscle pump function
- Incompetent venous valves (reflux)
- Elevated venous pressure
What are the risk factors for the Chronic Venous Insufficiency (name 3)?
-Advancing age
-Family history
-Ligamentous laxity
(eg, hernia, flat feet)
-Prolonged standing
-Increased BMI
-Smoking
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Lower extremity trauma
-Prior venous thrombosis
-Pregnancy
What are the physical exam findings in a patient with a Chronic Venous Disease (name 3)?
-May have pitting edema
-Edema often spares the foot or has NO dorsal pedal hump
-Venous dilation - varicose veins or telangiectasia
-Skin changes
-Lipodermastosclerosis
(fibrosing dermatitis of subcutaneous tissue)
-Skin discoloration (brawny, hemosiderin pigment)
-Ulceration
What the symptoms of the Chronic Venous Disease (name 3)?
- Skin tightness
- Muscle cramps
- Skin irritation or itching
- Non-healing wounds
- Skin discoloration and thickening
- Bleeding from varicosity or spider vein
What are the physical exam findings in a patient with a Chronic Venous Insufficiency? (name 3)
- Edema
- Skin changes (stasis dermatitis, brawny discoloration, liposclerosis)
- Ulceration
What are the treatments for the Chronic Venous Disease (name 3)?
- Initial Conservative Management
- Leg elevation
- Compression therapy
- Exercise
- Skin care
What are the types of Lymphedema? (2 types)
- Primary – congenital developmental abnormalities
- Secondary – inflammatory or mechanical obstruction
What are the risk factors for Lymphedema? (name 3)
- Cancer and cancer treatment
- Hereditary syndromes (Turner’s syndrome, Noonan Syndrome)
- Older age
- Obesity
- Inflammatory disorders
- Infection
What are the signs/symptoms of the Lymphedema (name3)?
- Extremity swelling
- Usually insidious
- May affect only a portion of the limb initially
- May include corresponding quadrant of trunk
- Non-pitting (may be pitting early on)
- Often involves dorsal foot
- Often unilateral (2/3)
