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A Level Physics > Chapter 11 Waves 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Waves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a progressive wave?

A

It is a wave that moves through matter or a vacuum and It transfers energy without transferring matter.

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2
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

It is a wave that oscillates perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.

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3
Q

What are some examples of transverse waves?(4)

A

Waves on the surface of water Any electromagnetic wave Waves on a stretched string Swaves produced by earthquakes

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4
Q

What is a peak and what is a trough?

A

These are both the maximum displacement of a particle from equilibrium. Peak is the positive displacement and a trough is the negative displacement

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5
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

It is a wave that oscillates parallel to the direction that the waves travel

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6
Q

What are some examples of longitudinal waves?(2)

A

Sound pwaves from earthquakes

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7
Q

What is displacement?

A

It is the distance that a particle is from equilibirum

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8
Q

What is amplitude?

A

It is the maximum displacement from equilibrium

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9
Q

What is wavelength?

A

This is the minimum distance between two identical points on a wave

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10
Q

What is the period of oscillation?

A

This is the time it takes for one oscillation

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11
Q

What is the frequency?

A

It is the number of wavelengths passing a point in a second, also the number of oscillations per second

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12
Q

What is wave speed?

A

It is the distance travelled by a wave per unit of time

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13
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

V = Fλ

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14
Q

What is the equation to find frequency from time period?

A

f = 1/t f = frequency t = timeperiod

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15
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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16
Q

What is refraction?

A

This is when light changes the medium it flows through and due to the change in speed it changes direction

17
Q

What happens if the speed of the wave slows down when changing medium?

A

Refract towards the normal

18
Q

What happens if the speed of the wave increases when changing medium?

A

It refracts away from the normal

19
Q

What happens if a) light or b) sound enters a denser medium?

A

a) When light enters a denser medium it slows down b) when sound enters a denser medium it speeds up

20
Q

What happens when light enters water from air?

A

It bends towards the normal and the wavelength gets smaller

21
Q

What is diffraction and what is the property unique to?

A

Diffraction is unique to waves and is when it spreads out as it passes through a gap

22
Q

What is polarisation? and plane polarisation?

A

This is when particles oscillate in a single direction. along a single plane

23
Q

What does unpolarised light look like?

A

It is light that oscillates in multiple directions.

24
Q

What does the amount of diffraction rely on?

A

It relies on the size of the gap that it passes through and the wavelength

25
Q

What does partial polarisation? and when does it happen?

A

This is when light oscillates in more than one plane but it not fully unpolarised. its sort of half way between This happens when light reflects off a surface like a lake

26
Q

What is intensity and what is its equation and units?

A

It is the radiant power passing through a surface per unit of area. I = P / A Units: Wm^-2

27
Q

What happens to the intensity if the distance from a source doubles?what is the general equation

A

The intensity is 1/4 I ∝ 1/r^2

28
Q

How is amplitude and intensity related?

A

Intensity ∝ (amplitude)^2

29
Q

What is special about electromagnetic waves vs other waves?

A

It does not need a medium to pass through

30
Q

What is the wave equation for electromagnetic waves?

A

c = fλ

31
Q

What is the speed of light? and symbol?

A

c = 3x10^8

32
Q

What is a polarising filter and how does it work?

A

It is a filter that polarises light. It acts like a gate and so only the light that is oscillating with the direction of the rails is allowed through. Light that oscillated differently is simply cut out

33
Q

What is a use for polarising filters and explain how this is usefull?

A

It is used for ariels where the wave is polarised to reduce interference between different transmitters.

A Level Physics (7 decks)

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