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Biology > Revision For Prelim > Flashcards

Revision For Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon. + water Light energy Sugar +oxygen

Dioxide ——————->

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2
Q

What are the 2 reactions that take place during photosynthesis

A

The light reaction and carbon fixation

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3
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

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4
Q

What is a habitat

A

The area where an organism ( group of organisms) live

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5
Q

What is a community

A

All the organisms ( plants and animals) living in a habitat

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6
Q

What is the population

A

The total number of one species of plant or animal in a habitat

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7
Q

What is a species

A

Organisms which can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring

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8
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

All of the organisms ( the community) living in a particular habitat

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9
Q

What is a food chain

A

A series of organisms which depend on each other for food (energy)

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10
Q

What dose the arrow represents in the food chain

A

The direction of the flow of energy

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11
Q

What is a producer

A

A plant ( normally green) that uses the light from the sun to make there own food by photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is a consumer

A

Is a organism that doesn’t make there own food via photosynthesis

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13
Q

What is a herbivore

A

Only eats plants

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14
Q

What is an omnivore

A

Eats both plant and animals

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15
Q

What is a carnivore

A

Only eats meat

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16
Q

What is a niche

A

The role an organism plays in its community

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17
Q

What is IntrAspecific competition

A

Is the competition for resources between the sAme species

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18
Q

Give an example of interAspecific competition

A

2 robins competing for territory

2 beech trees competing for light

19
Q

What is intErspecific competition

A

It is competition for resources between members of diffEnt species

20
Q

Give an example of intErspecific competition

A

A pidgeon and a seagull competing for food

21
Q

What do animals compete for

A

Food habitats and water

22
Q

What do plants compete for

A

Minerals water light

23
Q

What are the 3 factors that biodiversity depends on

A

Biotic
Abiotic
Human influences

24
Q

What are biotic factors affecting biodiversity

A

Factors related to living organisms in the habitat such as grazing and predation

25
Q

What are abiotic factors affecting biodiversity

A

Non-living parts of the habitat such as ph and temperature

26
Q

What are human influences affecting biodiversity

A

Things that humans do that affect biodiversity such as pollution of air and water , deforestation,desertification,over hunting and over fishing

27
Q

What are abiotic factors and the sampling techniques used to measure them

A

PH- ph meter
Light intensity- light meter
Soil moisture- moisture meter
Temperature- thermometer

28
Q

How are the biotic factors measured

A

Quadrats

Pitfall traps

29
Q

What are indicator species

A

Indicator species provide us information about the levels of pollution in their environment By their presence or absence in that environment

30
Q

Give examples of an indicator species

A

Lichen- this grows on trees in areas where there is not much air pollution the more “fluffy “ lichen grow in areas of least air pollution

Stonefly nymph only live in water with no pollution where as the sludge worm lives in polluted water

31
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

A process carried out by all green plants that results in the production of food

32
Q

What happens in the light reactions of photosynthesis

A

Light energy it’s trapped by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast of cells.
Light energy is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
Energy is released in this process and is used to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate
Oxygen is released as a by product and Hydrogen and ATP are needed for the next stage

33
Q

What is the by product of light reactions in photosynthesis

A

Oxygen

34
Q

What happens during carbon fixation

A

Carbon is reduced using hydrogen and ATP from the light reactions to produce sugar

35
Q

The sugar that is produced in carbon fixation in photosynthesis has 3 uses what are they

A

Respiration ( to make energy)
Some is stored as starch
To make the structural carbohydrate cellulose

36
Q

What are the 3 limiting factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide concentration

Light intensity

Temperature

37
Q

What are the main ways an animals energy is used

A

Keeping itself warm ( heat energy)
Movement ( kinetic energy)
Building it’s tissues ( potential energy in bones , muscles etc)

38
Q

What percentage of energy is passed on in the food chain

A

10%

39
Q

What dose a pyramid of numbers give you

A

Information about the total number of organisms in each level of the food chain

40
Q

What dose the pyramid of energy give you

A

Information about the energy content of all of the organisms in each level of the food chain

41
Q

What do fertilisers do

A

Provide the chemicals such as nitrates which increases crop yield

42
Q

What do pesticides do

A

Plants and animals that reduce crop yield can be killed using pesticides

43
Q

What is the problem with chemical fertilisers

A

If the chemicals are washed from the fields ( if it rains ) they can get into waterways ( rivers and lochs ) this can lead to the formation of algal blooms

Biology (2 decks)

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