9.hydrogen Chloride/chlorine

Question 1

Etiology - chlorine gas exposure

Answer 1

workers in industries like
1.chemical manufacturing
2.water treatment facilities
3.bleach production
=highly reactive and toxic gas

Question 2

Hydrogen chloride exposure etiology

Answer 2

=colourless,corrosive gas that forms when chlorine gas reacts with vapour in the air
1.metal refining
2.plastics manufacturing

Question 3

Occupational intoxication with chlorine/hydrogen chloride occurs due to …1..and results in…2..

Answer 3

1.inhalation or skin contact

2.tissue damage and systemic toxicity

Question 4

Inhalation of chloride gas

Answer 4

1.) in contact with moist mucosa in respiratory tract forms hydrochloric acid which has an irritating effect on mucosa
2.)increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema

Question 5

Skin exposure to chlorine and hydrogen chloride

Answer 5

localized burns, erythema, blistering

Question 6

Eye exposure to chlorine and hydrogen chloride

Answer 6

1.corneal burns
2.vision impairment

Question 7

Clinical manifestations of chlorine and hydrogen chloride intoxications in acute and chronic intoxications

Answer 7

Acute
1-mild: sore nose & throat,
irritant cough,
thoracic constriction (chest tightness)
2- moderate:
cyanosis,
tachycardia,
bronchopneumonia
3-severe:
bronchitis,
bronchiolitis,
pulmonary edema

Chronic
conjunctival erythema,
ulcers,
pneumofibrosis

Question 8

diagnosis

Answer 8

1.clinical evaluation
-medical history with occ.exposure
-symptoms
2.pulmonary functional tests
-decreased lung volums
3.ABGs, blood test for markers of inflammation, electrolyte imbalance
4.X-ray
5.bronchoscopy in severe cases to evaluate airway injury
6.ophthalmic and dermatological examination

Question 9

treatment in hydrogen chloride/ chlorine poisoning

Answer 9

1.remove from exposure
2.supportive care
a-oxygen
b-fluid support
3.decontamination (eye irrigation,skin)
4.symptom management
a-analgesics
b-bronchodilators
c-anti-inflammatory agents
5.inhalation of alkali solutions
6.cortisol,vitamin c and glucose 40% solution to prevent pulmonary edema
7.tracheostomy in severe respiratory damage to ensure ventilation

Question 10

medical expertise

Answer 10

1.skin decontamination with 0.9% saline solution