A/P CH 11 - Muscular System

Question 1

Origin

Answer 1

The point of attachment of a muscle which remains stationary during movement, usually proximal

Question 2

Insertion

Answer 2

the point of attachment of a muscle which is attached to the movable bone, usually distal

Question 3

Reverse muscle action

Answer 3

when point of origin and insertion can change. I.E. the gluteus maximus with extension of the hip vs pulling the leg backwards

Question 4

Length of muscle fiber vs force

Answer 4

longer muscle fiber - greater ROM
greater cross section - greater force

Question 5

Types of muscle fiber arrangements

Answer 5

parallel, fusiform, circular, triangular or pennate

Question 6

Prime mover / agonist

Answer 6

the muscle that contracts to create a movement or action

Question 7

Antagonist

Answer 7

the muscle which stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover

Question 8

synergists

Answer 8

helper muscles

Question 9

fixators

Answer 9

muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover, help the prime mover act efficiently

Question 10

compartment

Answer 10

a group of skeletal muscles, associated blood vessels and associated nerves. All have a common function. Usually surrounded by connective tissue

Question 11

Muscles of the head

Answer 11

originate in the fascia or bones of the skull, insert into the skin, move the skin not a joint with contraction, divided into 2 groups: act on the mouth, act on the eyes

Question 12

Eye movement

Answer 12

extrinsic muscles move the eyeballs, means they originate outside of the eyeball, insert on the sclera

Question 13

Muscles for the mandible

Answer 13

help in chewing and speech. 4 pairs

Question 14

Muscles for the tongue

Answer 14

Also help with speech, both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, extrinsic - move the entire tongue, intrinsic - alter the shape of the tongue

Question 15

Muscles of the anterior neck

Answer 15

assist in deglutition (swallowing) and speech. these include the first muscles which are innervated by spinal nerves

Question 16

muscles of the neck, head movement

Answer 16

know the sternocleidomastoid, anterior triangle - borders, 3 parts - submandibular, carotid, muscular

Question 17

Muscles of the abdomen

Answer 17

protect abdominal viscera, move the vertebral column. Know rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum

Question 18

Muscles of the pelvic floor

Answer 18

support the pelvic viscera, function as sphincters, pelvic diaphragm separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum

Question 19

Muscles of the thorax

Answer 19

move the pectoral girdle, subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, trapezius

Question 20

Muscles of the arm

Answer 20

move the radius and ulna, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, anconeus

Question 20

Muscles of the thorax and shoulder

Answer 20

move the humerus, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor

Question 21

Muscles of the forearm

Answer 21

move the wrist, hand, thumb, and digits. They are extrinsic muscles, kept close to the bone by strong fasciae, tendons surrounded by tendon sheaths

Question 22

Muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 22

move the femur, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 23

Muscles of the thigh

Answer 23

move the femur and tibia, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, sartorius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis

Question 24

Muscles of the leg

Answer 24

move feet and toes, tibialis anterior, fibularis digitorum longus, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris