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ACP Fall 2023 > A/P CH 7 - Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

A/P CH 7 - Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Orthopedics

A

Branch of medicine concerned with prevention or correction of disorders of the muscoskeletal system

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2
Q

How many bones in the skeleton

A

206

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3
Q

two divisions of adult skeleton

A

axial and appendicular

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4
Q

how many bones in axial skeleton

A

80

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5
Q

how many bones in appendicular skeleton

A

126

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6
Q

5 types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

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7
Q

Short bones

A

somewhat cube shaped, nearly equal in length / width. Consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface, which has a thin layer of compact bone. Ex. carpal / tarsal bones.

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8
Q

Flat bones

A

generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue. Ex. cranial cavity bones, sternum, ribs

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9
Q

Irregular bones

A

complex shapes and cannot be grouped into other categories. ex. vertebrae, hip bones, certain facial bones, calcaneus (heel bone)

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10
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

shaped like a sesame seed, develop in certain tendons where there is lots of friction, tension, physical strain. Vary between people, not always completely ossified, only few mm in diameter. Exceptions are two patellae, larger sesamoid bones.

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11
Q

Sutural bones

A

small flat bones located in sutures, between certain cranial cavity bones, numbers vary between people

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12
Q

2 major types of surface markings

A
  1. depressions and openings - allow passage of soft tissue or form joints.
  2. processes - projections or outgrowths that help form joints or serve as attachment points for connective tissue
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13
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones for blood vessels or nerves

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14
Q

foramen

A

opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass

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15
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression

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16
Q

sulcus

A

furrow along bone surface for vessels, nerves, tendons

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17
Q

meatus

A

tubelike opening

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18
Q

condyle

A

large, round protuberance with smooth articular surface at end of bone

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19
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

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20
Q

head

A

usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone

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21
Q

crest

A

prominent ridge or elongated projection

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22
Q

epicondyle

A

typically roughened projection above condyle

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23
Q

line

A

long, narrow ridge or border less prominent than crest

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24
Q

spinous process

A

sharp, slender projection

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25
Q

trochanter

A

very large projection

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26
Q

tubercle

A

variably sized rounded projection

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27
Q

tuberosity

A

variably sized projection that has a rough bumpy surface

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28
Q

How many bones in the skull

A

22

29
Q

2 groupings of bones in skull

A

cranial cavity bones, facial bones

30
Q

cranial cavity bones

A

form cranial cavity, floor is called cranial base, 8 bones form cavity are frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

31
Q

Facial bones

A

form anterior part of the skull consist of 14 facial bones - nasal bones, two maxillae, two zygomatic bones, mandible, two lacrimal bones, two palatine bones, two inferior nasal concha bones, vomer

32
Q

Frontal bone

A

forms the forehead, roofs of the orbits, and most of the anterior part of the cranial base.

33
Q

Parietal bones

A

two, form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity.

34
Q

Temporal bones

A

paired, form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranial cavity and part of the cranial base.

35
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms the posterior part of the cranial cavity, and most of the cranial base.

36
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

lies at the middle part of the cranial base. Articulates with all other cranial cavity bones of the cranial base holding them together.

37
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

delicate bone located in the anterior part of the cranial base medial to the orbits and is spongelike in appearance. Forms the anterior portion of the cranial base, the medial wall of the orbits, the superior portion of the nasal septum, most of the superior sidewalls of the nasal cavity

38
Q

Nasal bones

A

small, flattened, rectangular shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose.

39
Q

Palatine bones

A

two L shaped bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and posterolateral wall of the nasal cavity, and small portion of the floors of the orbits

40
Q

Inferior nasal concha bones

A

two, inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone, are separate bones. Scroll like bones form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity and project into the nasal cavity.

41
Q

Vomer

A

roughly triangular bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum.

42
Q

Maxillae

A

paired bones, unite to form the upper jawbone Articulate with every bone of the face except the mandible.

43
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

two, cheekbones, form prominences of the cheeks and part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit

44
Q

Mandible

A

lower jawbone, largest, strongest facial bone. Only movable skull bone

45
Q

Nasal septum 3 components

A

vomer, septal nasal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

46
Q

Orbits

A

eye sockets, composed of frontal sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, and maxilla.

47
Q

Carotid canal

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

48
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

superior to base of occipital condyles

49
Q

infraorbital

A

inferior to orbit in maxilla

50
Q

jugular

A

posterior to carotid canal between petrous portion of temporal bone and occipital bone

51
Q

lacerum

A

bounded anteriorly by sphenoid bone, posteriorly by petrous portion of temporal bone, medially by sphenoid and occipital bones

52
Q

magnum

A

occipital bone

53
Q

mandibular

A

medial surface of ramus of mandible

54
Q

mastoid

A

posterior border of the mastoid process of temporal bone

55
Q

mental

A

inferior to second premolar tooth in mandible

56
Q

cribriform

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

57
Q

optic canal

A

between superior and inferior portions of small wing of sphenoid bone

58
Q

ovale

A

greater wing of sphenoid bone

59
Q

rotundum

A

junction of anterior and medial parts of sphenoid bone

60
Q

stylomastoid

A

between styloid and mastoid processes of temporal bone

61
Q

supraorbital

A

supraorbital margin of orbit in frontal bone

62
Q

6 fontanels

A

anterior, posterior, paired anterolateral, paired posterolateral

63
Q

Hyoid bone

A

does not articulate with any other bone. suspended from the styloid process of temporal bones by ligaments and muscles. located in the anterior neck between the mandible and larynx. supports the tongue, provides attachment site for tongue muscles and neck and pharynx muscles.

64
Q

Number of vertebrae in early development

A

33

65
Q

number of vertebrae in adult

A

26

66
Q

Divisions of vertebrae

A

7 - cervical
12 - thoracic
5 - lumbar
1 - sacrum (5 fused)
1 - coccyx (4 fused)

67
Q

Sternum

A

flat narrow bone located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall. superior part - manubrium, middle - body, inferior - xiphoid process

68
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs, increase in length from 1 - 7, then decrease. each rib articulates posteriorly with its corresponding thoracic vertebra

69
Q
A

ACP Fall 2023 (8 decks)

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