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1A- Materials > A1- Properties of Materials > Flashcards

A1- Properties of Materials Flashcards

1
Q

The properties of materials are ______________ from the size and shape of the material.

A

independent

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2
Q

What is mass?
The amount of _________ within an object.

A

matter

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3
Q

What is volume?
The amount of ________________ by an object.

A

space occupied

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4
Q

What is density?
The ________________ of an object within the object’s __________.

A

compactness
volume

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5
Q

Live loads are _________________.
Dead loads are ___________________.

A

movable objects
unmovable objects

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6
Q

What is stress?
The measure of _______________________ inside a material under a ________.

A

force distribution
load

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7
Q

What is strain?
When a material is __________ to _________________.

A

applied
external stress

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8
Q

What is deformation?
The change in ________ of a material due to the application of _________.

A

shape
force

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9
Q

What is strain in terms of deformation?
The measure of deformation of a material as a _____________________________.

A

proportion of its original length

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10
Q

What is tensile force?
When two objects _____________.

A

pull apart

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11
Q
  1. What is tensile strength?
  2. What is compressive strength?
  3. What is shear strength?
A
  1. A pulling force.
  2. A squeezing force.
  3. A cutting force.
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12
Q

When does a material rupture?

A

When the tensile or shear strength is exceeded.

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13
Q

The upper surface of the beam undergoes ____________.
The bottom surface of the beam undergoes ___________.

A

compression
tension

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14
Q

Bending strength of a beam relies on:
1. The ________ of the beam.
2. The __________ strength of a beam (because it is often weaker than the compressive strength).

A

shape
tensile

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15
Q

What is plastic deformation?
The ____________ deformation of a material.

A

permanent

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16
Q

What is fracture toughness?
The ability of a material to resist __________ under _______________ or __________.

A

fractures
shock loading
impact

17
Q

What is hardness?
The ability of a material to resist _____________________________ and ____________ of its surface.

A

plastic deformation
indentation

18
Q

What is malleability?
The ability of a material to resist _________________ when squeezed by _____________ forces.

A

plastic deformation
compressive

19
Q

What is workability?
The ability of a material to be shaped, smoothed, ________, and finished.

A

mixed

20
Q

What is stiffness?
The elastic behavior of a material to resist ____________.

A

deformation

21
Q

What is fatigue?
When a material is subjected to ______________ until it cracks and _________.

A

cyclic loading
fails

22
Q

What are 2 forms of cyclic loading?

A
  1. Full stress reversal in springs.
  2. Vibrations.
23
Q

Ferrous metals (metal alloys containing iron) have a distinct _____________.

A

fatigue limit

24
Q

What is creep?
When a material is subjected to _____________________.
So the material will undergo _________________ and ______________ over time.

A

constant tensile stress
plastic deformation
elongation

25
Q
  1. Primary creep is the ______ creep rate in the beginning.
  2. Secondary creep is when there is ________ creep rate.
  3. Tertiary creep is when the creep rate ________________. So the material’s ____________ structure becomes ______________ and close to _________.
A

high

slower

increases rapidly
internal
deeply damaged
failure

26
Q

What are the 2 factors that accelerate creep?
1.
2.

A
  1. Temperature.
  2. Stress.
27
Q

How can fire resistance of a material be increased?
1.
2.

A
  1. Fire-retardant additives.
  2. Chemical treatments.
28
Q

What is embedded energy?
The _______________ used in extraction, manufacturing, and transport of a material.

A

total energy

29
Q

What is recycling potential?
The ability for recyclable materials to be _______________ during _______________ to improve the sustainability of a construction project.

A

separated
demolition

1A- Materials (16 decks)

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