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bio A: unity and diversity > a1.1- water > Flashcards

a1.1- water Flashcards

1
Q

why is water a medium for life

A
  • first cells originated in water
  • remains the medium in which most life processes occur
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2
Q

physical properties [9]

A
  1. high specific heat capacity
    - takes a lot of energy to break H+ bonds
  2. high latent heat of vaporisation
    - the energy it would take away during evaporation- getting to the boiling point
  3. good coolant
    - evaporating water removes a lot of heat energy from the organism
  4. good solvent
    - medium for metabolic reactions
  5. transport medium
    - dissolves nutrients, gases and waste products
  6. dense
    - can support the mass of large and small organisms
    - ice is less dense: life on top and below
  7. buoyancy
    - float
  8. viscosity
  9. thermal conductivity

So Lions+Vultures Can Sit Till Dawn Breaks Vith ThemCaww

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3
Q

contrast with air examples [2]

A

black-throated loon
1. oiled feathers: water has greater thermal conductivity than air
2. large wings: generate lift in less buoyant air
3. hydrodynamic- reduce drag against viscocity

ringed seal
1. low density blubber: increases buoyancy
2. insulating blubber: reduce heat loss
- higher specific heat capacity
- temperature is more stable
3. streamlined shape: against viscosity

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4
Q

why water is polar

A
  • due to unequal sharing of electrons
  • imbalance of charges
  • hydrogen bonding due to polarity
    *bonds diagram
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5
Q

cohesion of water molecules + application

A

due to hydrogen bonds
1. transport of water under tension in xylem
2. use of water surfaces as habitats- surface tension

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6
Q

adhesion of water to material that are polar/ charged + application

A
  1. capillary action in soil [CAS]
  2. plant cell walls
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7
Q

solvent properties of water

A
  • hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water
  • most enzymes catalyse reactions in aqueous solution
  • some functions of cells depend on them being hydrophobic and insoluble
    Dissolve Enzymes Scared
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8
Q

origin of water

A
  • from extra-planetary objects
  • ice asteroids maybe from asteroid belt
  • other asteroid knocks out asteroid belt- to us
  • large asteroids at least few hundred kilometers so it would still be ok after ozone
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9
Q

reasons for water retention [2]

A
  1. earths gravity keeps water from escaping the planet
  2. temperature is cool enough to condense water
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10
Q

relationship between the search for extraterrestrial life and the presence of water

A
  • universal solvent
  • important for transport medium within a cell
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11
Q

adhesion

A
  • ability of dissimilar molecules to stick together
  • form intermolecular associations with polar and charged molecules
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12
Q

cohesion

A
  • ability of like molecules to stick together
  • will form hydrogen bonds
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13
Q

hydrophilic

A
  • water loving
  • polar
  • charged
    eg. glucose, minerals
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14
Q

hydrophobic [3]

A
  • repels water
  • non-polar
  • non-charged
    eg. fat, oil
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15
Q

goldilocks zone

A
  • habitable zone
  • range of distance from a Star with the right temperatures for water to remain liquid
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16
Q

what are signs of water in space

A

spectroscopy
- analyses the wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by a substance
- used to detect the presence of water molecules in space

17
Q

other factors that contribute to look for extraterrestrial life

A
  1. carbon
  2. nitrogen
  3. suitable temperature
18
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

hydrophilic head
- glycerol and a phosphate molecule
hydrophobic tail x2
- fatty acid (hydrocarbon) chains

19
Q

properties of the phospholipid bilayer

A
  • held together by weak hydrophobic interactions between the tails
  • individual phospholipids can move within the bilayer: allows fluidity and flexibility
  • spontaneous breaking and reforming of membranes (endocytosis / exocytosis)
20
Q

fluid-mosaic model

A

fluid– the phospholipid bilayer is viscous and individual phospholipids can move position
mosaic– phospholipid bilayer is embedded with proteins, resulting in a mosaic of components

21
Q

osmolarity

A

measurement of solute concentration of a solution

22
Q

what property allows for the presence of ions, sugars, amino acids and proteins in sweat

A

solvent properties

bio A: unity and diversity (5 decks)

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