ABCDE

Question 1

A

Answer 1

Airway and see spine

Obstruction/clear airway

Question 2

B

Answer 2

Breathing and ventilation

High flow oxygen/chest exam/Flail chest/pneumothorax

Question 3

C

Answer 3

Circulation with haemorrhage control

Question 4

D

Answer 4

Disability

neurological status GCS/pupils/limbs

Question 5

E

Answer 5

Exposure/environmental control

Undress patient/prevent hypothermia/BM

Question 6

Secondary survey history

Answer 6

A – allergies

M – meds used

P – past medical history/pregnancy

L – last meal

E – events/environment related injury

Question 7

Basic airway management and trauma

Answer 7

Head tilt and chin left – except C-spine

Jaw thrust

Oropharyngeal airway – unconscious/no gag re flex

Nasopharyngeal airway

Question 8

Indications for definitive airway

Answer 8

Airway obstruction

Ventilatory Failure or hypoxia

GCS8 or below

GCS 12 or below especially if falling and for transfer

Agitation

Facilitate surgical interventions

Shock – optimise O2 delivery

To allow profound analgesias and sedation

The top is absolute going down to the bottom which is relative

Question 9

What is the lethal triad?

Answer 9

Hypothermia – promoting

Lactate – lactate is a product of anaerobic cellular activity and evidence of tissue hypo profusion the demands for O2 increase in trauma

Coagulopathy – managing haemorrhage fluid resuscitation and an appropriate ratio of blood and clotting products together with tranexamic acid