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Abdomen > Abdomen 4 > Flashcards

Abdomen 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the accessory spleen most often located

A

At the hi lum of the spleen and measures

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2
Q

What will happen to the spleen of a leukemia patient

A

Splenomegaly

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3
Q

What is the most common focal neoplasm in the spleen

A

Cavernous hemangioma

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4
Q

Describe the appearance of an abscess

A

Varied appearance; usually hypoechoic

May contain low level echoe

Septi or echogenic mass with dirty shadow

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5
Q

Define Spenomegaly

A

Enlargement of spleen >12cm

Most common reason to scan spleen

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6
Q

List the various causes for mild to moderate SPLENOMEGALY

A
  • congestive obstruction
  • splenic vein thrombosis
  • poital hyper tension
  • cirrhosis of the liver
  • infection
  • hepatitis
  • tuberculosis
  • HIV or AIDS
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7
Q

List the causes for severe SPENOMEGALY

A
  • hodgkins lymphoma (lymph node cancer)
  • leukemia (blood cancer)
  • metastatic disease
  • prolonged venous obstruction
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8
Q

Define SPLENIC INFARCTION

A

Caused by occlusion of a segment of Splenic artery or its branches

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9
Q

What are the causes of SPLENIC INFARCTION

A
  • leukemia
  • cardiac thrombosis
  • lymphotanous disorders
  • sickle cell anemia
  • metastatic disease
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10
Q

Are primary malignant tumors common in the spleen

A
  • Homangio sarcoma

- lymphoma

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11
Q

List three layers of a vessel

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
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12
Q

What are the differences between an artery and a vein?

A
  • Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and are pulsating flow, thicker walls, bifurcate, don’t have valves
  • Veins carry blood towards heart and are phasic and stready. Are collapsible, confluence, valves affected by breathing
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13
Q

What is the location of the abdominal aorta

A

Adjacent to the IUC and the Anterior to the spine

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14
Q

Is the aorta intra peritoneal or retro peritoneal

A

Retro

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15
Q

What type of blood flow is present in Aorta

A

Triphasic high resistance flow

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16
Q

What are the normal measurements for the aorta

A

Proximal - 2 to 3 cm above ciliac axis
Mid - 2cm between ciliac axis & renal A
Distal - 1.5 to 2cm above aortic bifurcation

17
Q

List the branches of Aorta in order

A 
Celiac axis
SMA
Renal A
Gonadal A
IMA
18
Q

Define ASPLENIA

A

Complete absence of spleen

May have opposite GI tract

19
Q

What are the branches of the Celiac trunk

A

Common Hepatic A
Splenic A
Left Gastric A

20
Q

______ a change in the resistance to blood flow after eating.

A

SMA & IMA

21
Q

IVC is _______ to right renal artery

A

Anterior

22
Q

Define Aortic ectasia

A

Aorta does not taper down

23
Q

Define Arteriosclerosis

A

A disease of the vessel wall, hardening of the vessel

24
Q

Define Atherosclerosis

A

Cholesterol, lipid, and calcium occur in arterior causing hardening of the vessel can cause stenosis einbolization

25
Q

Define Aneurysm

A

Abnormal localized dilation of on section involving all 3 layers or arterial wall

26
Q

When the internal diameter of the vessel exceeds ________, it is known as aortic aneurysm.

A

3cm

27
Q

When is the aneurysm considered large enough to be recommended for surgical intervention

A

> 5cm or 2 inch or growing 1cm per year

28
Q

Where is the most common location for a dissecting aneurysm

A

Thoracic region descending of the aorta

29
Q

Define pseudo aneurysm

A

Result from a tear or hole in vessel wall that allows blood to escape the surrounding tissues

30
Q

What is the most common cause of a pseudo aneurysm

A

Needle punctures, trauma, surgery, complications from aortic graft implant

31
Q

What is the major risk for aneurysm

A

Rupture

32
Q

What are the causes of an arteriovenus shunt

A

Trauma, tumor, surgery, inflammation, neoplasms or may be congenital

33
Q

What is leukocytosis and what is the most likely etiology that results in this condition

A

High WBC levels associated with infection.

34
Q

Trauma can lead too ________

A

Hematoma

35
Q

Define Polycynthemia Vera

A

Increased production of RBC’s

36
Q

Define Aplasia

A

Failure to develop a tissue

37
Q

Define Hypoplasia

A

Underdevelopment of a tissue

Abdomen (3 decks)

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