Absolutism and Constitutionalism

Question 1

witches

Answer 1

women who were “in the league of the devil”; those who were accused were mostly old women who sold herbs, potions or remedies for a living

Question 2

the Thirty Years’ War

Answer 2

a religious war between the Catholics and Calvinist which took place in the HRE

Question 3

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Answer 3

officially ended Thirty Years’ War; ensured that all the German states including the Calvinist ones were free to determine their own religion

Question 4

standing armies

Answer 4

composed of full-time career soldiers and is not disbanded during times of peace

Question 5

absolutism

Answer 5

ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of the king who claimed to rule by divine rights

Question 6

“divine right”

Answer 6

monarchs received their power from God and are responsible to no one but God

Question 7

Cardinal Richelieu & Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 7

prime ministers of France who tried the to bring absolute monarchy to the kingdom

Question 8

intendants

Answer 8

royal officials sent out to the provinces to execute the orders of the central government

Question 9

the Fronde

Answer 9

a revolt started by the nobles and Parliament of Paris who opposed Cardinal Mazarin and the new taxes

Question 10

Louis XIV

Answer 10

started his rule at the age of 23 after the death of Cardinal Mazarin and believed in absolute monarchy, built the Palace of Versailles, known as the Sun King

Question 11

Versailles

Answer 11

a huge palace made by Louis XIV; symmetrical and included 10,000 rooms; Louis XIV made all the nobles live here with him

Question 12

the Romanov’s

Answer 12

the second and last imperial dynasty to rule over Russia, reigning from 1613 until the 1917

Question 13

Peter the Great

Answer 13

Russian tsar. He introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russians, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

Question 14

James I and Charles I

Answer 14

Scottish kings that took control of England after the death of Elizabeth

Question 15

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 15

The leader of the New Model Army and later Lord Protector of England

Question 16

Glorious Revolution

Answer 16

This “bloodless” Revolution of 1688 made William of Orange and Mary the new English monarchs, but not before they signed the English Bill of Rights

Question 17

James II

Answer 17

a Catholic rejected by many in Parliament as ruler and had to flee England to France

Question 18

John Locke

Answer 18

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Question 19

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 19

This Leviathan argued that life in the state of nature was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” and that to avoid “the war of every man against every man”, a ruler must be vested with the absolute power over his subjects

Question 20

Baroque

Answer 20

This artistic movement of the 17th c. that used dramatic effects to arouse the emotions & reflected the search for power that was a large part of the 17th century attitude