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Criminology > AC 3.3 > Flashcards

AC 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there a rising prison population?

A

Repeat offending
Longer sentences

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2
Q

How does repeat offending rise prison population?

A

Those released from prison on licence will be recalled serving the rest of their sentence if they commit a further offence during the licence period

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3
Q

How has longer sentences risen prison population?

A

In 2018, sentences for serious indictable offences were an average of over 26 months longer than they had been ten years earlier

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4
Q

Who is more likely to re-offend?

A
  1. The more previous convictions someone already has, the more likely they are to re-offend
  2. Offenders who served a prison snetnce
  3. Males
  4. Offenders with drug or alcohol, those who are homeless
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5
Q

What is the dark figure of reoffending?

A

Further offending for which they haven’t been caught or punished

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6
Q

What theories are linked to repeat offending?

A

Right realism
Marxism

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7
Q

What does right realism say about repeat offending?

A

They argue that prison works, offenders are rational actors and so fear of being jailed acts as deterrent to offending

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8
Q

What does Marxism say about repeat offending?

A

It is not surprising that unemployed offenders are more likely to re-offend since they have little chance of meeting their needs if they must survive solely on benefits

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9
Q

What are civil liberties?

A

Basic right ad freedoms guaranteed to every every individual by law

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10
Q

What are the 5 civil liberties?

A
  1. Freedom of speech
  2. Freedom of assembly
  3. Freedom of movement
  4. Freedom of religious worship
  5. The right to privacy
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11
Q

What crime control model are civil liberties linked to?

A

Due process model

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12
Q

Why is finance important?

A

Without adequate finances, agencies will be unable to achieve effective social control

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13
Q

What is happening to the police budget?

A

Between 2010 AND 2018, the overall police budget was cut by 19%

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14
Q

What happened as a result of the budget cuts?

A

A fall of 20000 in police numbers
Police are dropping investigations into crimes

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15
Q

How long does it take to investigate rape cases?

A

129 days

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16
Q

How much was the CPS budget cut by, between 2012 and 2018?

A

25%

17
Q

How much staff did the CPS lose, due to the budget cut?

A

1/3

18
Q

What happened as a result of the CPS budget cut?

A

Failure to investigate thousands of cases efficiently
Critically short of the skills and resource needed to combat crime

19
Q

What were the CPS accuses of?

A

Downgrading charges so it can be prosecuted in magistrates’ courts

20
Q

What was the result of the CPS downgrading charges?

A

Offenders get off with a lighter sentence than they deserve, because magistrates sentencing powers are more limited

21
Q

How much was the police budget cut by, between 2010 and 2018?

A

16%

22
Q

How much staff did the police lose, due to the budget cut?

A

15%

23
Q

What did overcrowding in prisons and staff cuts lead to?

A

Lack of opportunity for activities that would help rehabilitate prisoners

24
Q

What else may have contributed to the prison crisis?

A

Privatisation

25
Q

What company privately ran HMP Birmingham?

A

G4S

26
Q

What happened in the HMP Birmingham riot in 2016?

A

Staff had been worn down by chronic staffing shortages and that prisoners were in effect policing themselves

27
Q

What percentage of offenders were supervised by the probation service, in 2018?

A

40%

28
Q

What problems in prisons did the chief inspector of probation highlight?

A
  • Staff shortages
  • Failures by the private CRCs
  • A lack of confidence in the services by judges, victims, the public and offenders
29
Q

How do national polices achieve social control?

A

Central government introduces laws and policies affecting the work of agencies

30
Q

How did the home secretary make stop and searches easier?

A

h

31
Q

What is the serious violence strategy?

A

Increased police powers

32
Q

What does the serious violence strategy aim to do?

A

To involve other agencies

33
Q
A

Criminology (10 decks)

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