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From Flashcardlet > Acid/Base Imbalance > Flashcards

Acid/Base Imbalance Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

What is the normal arterial blood pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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1
Q

What does the acidity or alkalinity of solution depend on?

A

Hydrogen ion concentration

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2
Q

What is the normal arterial blood pCO2?

A

35-45

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3
Q

What is the arterial blood normal HCO3?

A

22-26

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4
Q

What do you do to test blood flow to the hand?

A

Allen test

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5
Q

How do you do an Allen test?

A

Occlude radial and ulnar artery and let off the ulnar and watch blood flow into the hand

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6
Q

The lower the pH…

A

The more acidic the substance

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7
Q

The higher the pH…

A

The more alkaline a substance

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8
Q

If the pH is below 7.35 is it acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic

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9
Q

If the pH is above 7.45 is it more acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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10
Q

How is pH determined?

A

Ratio of base (bicarbonate) to acid (carbonic acid)

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11
Q

What is the normal base to acid ratio?

A

20:1

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12
Q

How does the buffer system work?

A

Moves H+ in and out of the cell

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13
Q

What are the 3 ways the body maintains pH?

A

Buffer system, respiratory system, and renal system

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14
Q

How fast does the buffer system respond?

A

Immediately

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15
Q

What is the primary regulator of pH?

A

Buffer system

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16
Q

What system works to maintain metabolic pH?

A

Respiratory system

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17
Q

How long does it take the respiratory system to respond and take max effect?

A

Responds in minutes and has max effect in hours

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18
Q

How does the respiratory system regulate pH?

A

Changing rate and depth of breathing

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19
Q

How do lungs correct acidosis?

A

Blow off CO2 with increased respirations

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20
Q

How do the lungs correct alkalosis?

A

Retain CO2 with decreased respirations

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21
Q

When does the renal system work to correct pH?

A

When there is a problem with respiratory pH

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22
Q

How long does it take the renal system to take max effect in pH regulation?

A

2-3 days

23
Q

What do the kidneys do with the bicarbonate they filter?

A

Reabsorb and conserve it

24
Q

What is the primary alkaline substance?

A

Bicarbonate

25
Q

How do the kidneys compensate for acidosis?

A

Generate additional bicarbonate and excrete excess hydrogen

26
Q

Is urine acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic (6.0 pH)

27
Q

In what situations can respiratory acidosis occur?

A

Hypoventilation (COPD, smoking, narcotic overdose, respiratory muscle paralysis, immobility, emphysema, brainstem trauma)

28
Q

Carbonic acid accumulates in the blood and pH goes down

A

Respiratory acidosis

29
Q

What do the kidneys do to compensate for respiratory acidosis?

A

Produce and conserve bicarbonate and excrete excess hydrogen

30
Q

What do kidneys do to compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Excrete bicarbonate

31
Q

Occurs when another acid accumulates in the body or when bicarbonate is lost in body fluids

A

Metabolic acidosis

32
Q

How do lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis?

A

Increase respiratory rate and depth

33
Q

Occurs with loss of acid or gain of bicarbonate

A

Metabolic alkalosis

34
Q

How do lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Decrease respiratory rate and depth

35
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis?

A

Breathing treatments, positioning, antibiotics, steroids, low flow oxygen

36
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with COPD?

A

Respiratory acidosis

37
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with smoking?

A

Respiratory acidosis

38
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with narcotic overdose?

A

Respiratory acidosis

39
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with diarrhea?

A

Metabolic acidosis

40
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with a Type 1 diabetic with no insulin?

A

Metabolic acidosis

41
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with someone who ingested a lot of aspirin?

A

Metabolic acidosis

42
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with someone who ran hard for a long time?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

43
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with someone having a panic attack?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

44
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with someone who is at a high altitude?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

45
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with NG suctioning?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

46
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with someone ingesting lasix or other alkaline substances?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

47
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with ketoacidosis?

A

Metabolic acidosis

48
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with prolonged vomiting?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

49
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with respiratory muscle paralysis?

A

Respiratory acidosis

50
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with over-sedation?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

51
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with immobility?

A

Respiratory acidosis

52
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with emphysema?

A

Respiratory acidosis

53
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with impaired kidney function?

A

Metabolic acidosis

54
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with ventilator settings that are too high or too fast?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

55
Q

What kind of acid base reaction could occur with brainstem trauma?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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