Acids and Bases

Question 1

Acids

Answer 1

Dissociate to form H+ ions in solution
Acids are Proton donors
They taste sour
They are corrosive in nature
Strong acids: HCL, H2SO4, HNO3
Weak acids: Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid(CH3COOH), Citric Acid

Question 2

Bases

Answer 2

Dissociate to form OH- ions in solution
They are proton acceptors
They have a bitter taste
They are Corrosive in nature
Alkalis are bases soluble in water
Strong Bases->Alkalis (Metal Hydroxides):
NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Ca(OH)2

Weak Bases->Insoluble in Water (Metal Oxides):
MgO, Fe2O3, CuO

Question 3

Indicators

Answer 3

Universal Indicator:
In paper form or solution
Ph>7 for Base
Ph< 7 for Acid
Ph=7 for Neutral

Litmus Paper:
Blue litmus paper turns red for acid
Red litmus paper turns blue for base

Phenolphthalein:
Colorless for acid
Pink for base

Methyl Orange:
Red for acid
Yellow for base

Question 4

Strong Acids

Answer 4

Strong acids have high conductivity
Strong acids have low Ph
Strong acids completely dissociate in solution to give H+ ions

Question 5

Weak Acids

Answer 5

Weak acids have low conductivity
Weak acids have higher Ph that is below 7
Weak acids partially dissociate in solution to give H+ ions

Question 6

Strong Bases

Answer 6

Strong bases have high conductivity
Strong bases have a high Ph
Strong bases completely dissociate in solution to give OH- ions

Question 7

Weak Bases

Answer 7

Weak bases have low conductivity
Weak bases have lower Ph that is above 7
Weak bases partially dissociate in solution to give OH- ions

Question 8

Preparation of Salts

Answer 8

Meta l+ Acid –> Salt + Hydrogen (Redox Reaction)
Soluble Base + Acid –> Salt + Water (Neutralisation Reaction)
Insoluble Base + Acid –> Salt + Water (Neutralisation Reaction)
Metal Carbonate + Acid –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide (Neutralisation Reaction)
Ammonium Compounds + Base –> Salt + Water + Ammonia Gas

Question 9

Neutralisation Reaction

Answer 9

This is where acids cancels out a base or a base cancels out an acid giving a neutral solution of salt and water

Question 10

Soluability Chart

Answer 10

All Na, K and NH4 are soluable
All nitrates are soluable NO3-
All Cl-, Br- and I- are soluable other than Ag and Pb
All sulphates are soluable other than Ba, Ca and Pb
In carbonates only Na, K and NH4 are soluable