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Chemistry Paper 1 > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

The ion responsible for making alkaline pH is..

A

OH-

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2
Q

Strong Acids

A

Sulfiric, hydrochloric and nitric acid

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3
Q

Weak Acids

A

Ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids

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4
Q

OIL RIG

A

Oxidisation is loss, reduction is gain

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5
Q

The ion responsible for making acid pH is..

A

H+

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6
Q

Strong acids ionise…

A

completely.

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7
Q

Weak acids only ionise…

A

partially.

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8
Q

For a weak acid, does the position of equilibrium lie to the left or the right?

A

Left

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9
Q

What describes the strength of an acid?

A

The proportion of acid molecules which dissociate into hydrogen ions

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10
Q

The concentration of an acid refers to…

A

the number of moles of acid molecules per unit of volume.

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11
Q

Every change of 1 on the pH scale represents…

A

a 10 fold change in the H+ concentration.

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12
Q

What type of reaction is it when an acid and a base react together?

A

Neutralisation reaction

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13
Q

Which products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

A
  • Water
  • A salt
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14
Q

Which products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A
  • A salt
  • Water
  • Carbon dioxide
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15
Q

How to obtain soluble salt crystals from an acid-base reaction

A
  • Place dilute acid in a beaker and heat gently.
  • Add the solid base bit by bit until it stops reacting, which means it’s in excess.
  • Isolate the salt solution by filtering out the excess solid base using filter paper and a funnel.
  • Heat the salt solution gently in a water bath until crystals start to form.
  • Let the solution cool further, which will cause more crystals to precipitate.
  • Filter out the soluble salt crystals using filter paper and funnel.
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16
Q

The general word equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid is:

A

Metal + acid ➔ salt + hydrogen

17
Q

Pure metals can be extracted from metal oxides using…

A

the element carbon.
- The carbon causes the metal to lose its oxygen, so the metal becomes reduced.
- This produces CO2, and can only work for metals less reactive than carbon.

18
Q

The electrodes in an electrolysis cell are normally made of inert carbon. What does the term ‘inert’ mean?

A

It is unreactive, so will not take place in the reaction.

19
Q

In electrolysis, why does the compound you’re trying to separate need to be molten or dissolved?

A

So that the ions are free to move around (and go to their respective electrode)

20
Q

Which two of chemical processes are used to extract metals from their ores?

A
  • Reduction with carbon
  • Electrolysis
21
Q

How is a metal extracted from a metal compound using electrolysis?

A

A compound is split into its elements using electricity

22
Q

Why is electrolysis not used to extract all metals?

A

Electrolysis is expensive because it requires a large amount of electricity

23
Q

What is the name of the substance that is mixed with aluminium oxide to lower its melting point?

A

Cryolite

24
Q

In the electrolysis of a solution, which two ions are present from the water molecules themselves?

A

H+ and OH-

25
Q

In the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what is the rule for determining which ion will be oxidised at the anode?

A

It will always be the OH-, unless there is a halide ion (such as Cl-, or Br-) present

26
Q

In the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what is the rule for determining which ion will be reduced at the cathode ?

A

It will always be the H+ ion, unless Cu2+ is present (another way of phrasing it would be that it is always the ion of the least reactive element)

27
Q

Dilute means?

A

Less acid particles per unit volume

28
Q

Limitations of the Particle Model

A
  • The chemical bonds between particles are not represented
  • Particles are represented as solid spheres
29
Q

Possible Risks of Nanoparticles

A
  • Small
  • May initiate harmful reactions and toxic substances could bind to them because of their large surface area to volume ratio
30
Q

mass =

A

concentration x volume

31
Q

The reactivity series mnemonic

A

Purple - Potassium
Slime - Sodium
Can - Calcium
Make - Magnesium
A - Argon
Careless - Carbon
Zebra - Zinc
Insane - Iron
Try - Tin
How - Hydrogen
Camels - Copper
Suprise - Silver
Gorillas - Gold

32
Q

A redox reaction

A

When a reaction occurs when both oxidisation and reduction take place at the same time

Chemistry Paper 1 (5 decks)

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