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Chemistry - S1 > Acids, Bases And Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases And Salts Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Indicator?

A

An indicator is a substance that changes colour depending on whether it is added to an acidic or alkaline solution.

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2
Q

If red litmus is placed in an alkaline solution it will turn?

A

blue

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3
Q

If blue litmus is placed in an acidic solution it will turn?

A

red

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4
Q

Both papers will turn ? in a neutral solution.

A

Stay the same

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5
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The pH scale is a scale used to measure how acidic or how alkaline a solution is. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is neutral. A pH value less than 7 is acidic and a pH value more than 7 is alkaline.

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6
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

pH 0-2

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7
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

pH 3-6

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8
Q

What is a neutral solution?

A

pH 7 e.g water

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9
Q

What is a weak alkali?

A

pH 8-11

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10
Q

What is a strong alkali?

A

pH 12-14

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11
Q

What is a Ph metre

A

A pH meter is an electrical device which will measure the pH of solutions much more accurately and reliably than indicators. They can be made to measure pH values to the nearest 0.01 and unlike indicators do not depend on someone’s subjective judgment of a colour match to a colour chart and corresponding pH value.

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12
Q

What do all acids when dissolving in water?

A

All acids dissolve in water producing hydrogen ions in solution, H⁺ (aq).

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13
Q

What do all alkalis when dissolving in water?

A

All alkalis dissolve in water producing hydroxide ions in solution, OH⁻ (aq).

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14
Q

How do strong acids ionize in water?

A

Strong acids and alkalis are completely ionised in water.

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15
Q

How do weak acids ionize in water?

A

Weak acids and alkalis are only partially ionised in water.

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16
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

Contains a large amount of acid particles dissolved per unit volume

17
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

Contains a small amount of acid particles dissolved per unit volume

18
Q

What is the method for Investigating the temperature change during a neutralisation reaction

A
  1. Collect apparatus
  2. Measure out 10cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid into a boiling tube.
  3. Record the temperature of the acid.
  4. Measure out 10cm3 of 1M sodium hydroxide and add to the
    boiling tube.
  5. Stir gently and record the final temperature reached.
  6. Record results in table
19
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is
* any metal oxide e.g. calcium oxide
* any metal hydroxide e.g. calcium hydroxide
* any metal carbonate e.g. calcium carbonate
* any metal hydrogen carbonate e.g. calcium hydrogen carbonate

20
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An alkali is a base that is soluble in water.

21
Q

METAL + ACID

A

METAL SALT + HYDROGEN

22
Q

ACID + METAL OXIDE

A

METAL SALT + WATER

23
Q

ACID + METAL CARBONATE

A

METAL SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

24
Q

ACID + METAL HYDROXIDE

A

METAL SALT + WATER

25
Q

ACID + METAL HYDROGEN CARBONATE

A

METAL SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

26
Q

AMMONIA + ACID

A

AMMONIUM SALT

27
Q

Test for Hydrogen

A

When a lighted splint is placed in a test tube of hydrogen gas there is a squeaky pop. This is a mini-explosion because the hydrogen burns very quickly forming water.

28
Q

Test for Carbon Dioxide

A

When a lighted splint is placed in a test tube of hydrogen gas there is a squeaky pop. This is a mini-explosion because the hydrogen burns very quickly forming water.

29
Q

What is a Salt

A

A salt is a compound that is formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions present in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.

30
Q

Test for Oxygen

A

When a glowing splint is placed in a test tube of oxygen it will relight

31
Q

What colour is:
Copper (II) Oxide CuO
Copper (II) Carbonate CuCO₃
Copper (II) Sulphate (anhydrous) CuSO₄
Copper (II) Sulphate (hydrated) CuSO₄ . 5H₂O
Copper (II) Chloride solution CuCl₂ (aq)

A

Black
Green
White
Blue
Blue-green

32
Q

Method one of preparing a salt is?

A

Method 1 – adding an excess of an insoluble substance to the acid.

The insoluble solid (metal, metal oxide or metal carbonate) is added to the acid until there is excess. The solid is added in excess to ensure all the acid has reacted.

The excess solid is then removed by filtration and the filtrate heated to half the volume and then left to cool and crystallise.

In order to obtain a pure dry sample the crystals are dried between sheets of filter paper or in a dessicator.

Filtration

33
Q

Method 2 of preparing a salt is?

A

This method is known as titration and an indicator is used to determine when the acid and alkali have become neutral and the salt has formed.

The indicator can be removed by heating the solution with charcoal.

34
Q

Why are hazard symbols used instead of words?

A

They are eye-catching
Can be understood by those who can’t read
Are internationally recognised

35
Q

Hazard sign meaning - Toxic

A

Serious risk of causing death by poisoning when swallowed or breathed

Bromine vapour, chlorine

36
Q

Hazard sign meaning - Explosive

A

May explode when heated, exposed to a flame or knocked

Hydrogen, natural gas

37
Q

Hazard sign meaning - Caution

A

Less poisonous than toxic substances, but must be handled with care. May irritate the skin or eyes

Iodine, ammonia, copper (II) sulphate, ‘Tippex’ solvent, dilute acids.

38
Q

Hazard sign meaning - Corrosive

A

Destroy (‘eat away’) flesh and other materials

conc. sulfuric acid
conc. hydrochloric acid
sodium hydroxide

39
Q

Hazard sign meaning - Highly Flammable

A

Easily catch fire

Methylated spirits, petrol, ethanol, aluminium powder

Chemistry - S1 (6 decks)

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