Acute Renal Failure

Question 1

what is acute renal failure

Answer 1

loss of renal function

Question 2

what are signs of loss of renal function

Answer 2

fluid and electrolyte imbalances

azotemia

Question 3

is it reversible

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

how many mL do you need to excrete to prevent azotemia

Answer 4

400ml a day

Question 5

what are the ml values for oliguria and anuria

Answer 5

oligura - 100-400ml a day

anuria- less than 100ml a day

Question 6

etiology

Answer 6

mostly due to hypotension, hypovolemia
Pre: dehydration, sepsis, shock
Intra: drugs, pyelonephritis
Post: obstruction, BPH

Question 7

Patho for Pre

Answer 7

dehydration = decreased renal perfusion = oliguria and ischemia

Question 8

Patho for Intra

Answer 8

Initiating phase: onset until mnfts
maintenance phase: decrease GFR, oligura, mnfts maintained
recovery phase: tissue repair- gradual increase in GFR

Question 9

Patho of Post

Answer 9

BPH? = urine stasis = hydroureter = hydronephrosis

Question 10

Manifestations

Answer 10

Oligura/Anuria (sometimes non oliguria forms)
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Azotemia
Edema
HTN
Proteinuria, hematuria

Question 11

Treatment

Answer 11

stat intervention
replace fluid and electrolytes MONITOR
Diet: increase cal, decrease proteins