Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

1. Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for antigen presentation
   during the adaptive immune response?
   A) Neutrophils B) Macrophages C) Natural killer cells D) Basophils

Answer 1

B) Macrophages

Question 2

2. Which class of molecules serves as the antigen receptor on APC’s?
   A) Immunoglobulins B) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules C)
   Toll-like receptors D) Complement proteins

Answer 2

B) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

Question 3

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of T lymphocytes but not B
   lymphocytes?
   A) Production of antibodies B) Presence of CD4 or CD8 co-receptors
   C) Differentiation into plasma cells D) Expression of surface immunoglobulins

Answer 3

B) Presence of CD4 or CD8 co-receptors

Question 4

4. Which process involves the elimination of self-reactive T cells during
   development to prevent autoimmune responses?
   A) Clonal expansion B) Clonal deletion C) Somatic hypermutation D) Class
   switching

Answer 4

B) Clonal deletion

Question 5

5. Which type of T cell is primarily involved in the direct killing of infected host cells?
   A) Helper T cells B) Regulatory T cells C) Cytotoxic T cells D) Memory T cells

Answer 5

C) Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 6

6. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of antibodies?
   A) Neutralization of toxins B) Opsonization of pathogens C) Neutralize microbes
   D) Phagocytosis of pathogens

Answer 6

D) Phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 7

7. Which class of immunoglobulin is primarily involved in allergic responses?
   A) IgA B) IgD C) IgE D) IgM

Answer 7

C) IgE

Question 8

8. During the adaptive immune response, which cells are responsible for the
   production of antibodies?
   A) Plasma cells B) Memory B cells C) Cytotoxic T cells D) Natural killer cells

Answer 8

A) Plasma cells

Question 9

9. Which type of antigen-presenting cell displays antigens to both CD4+ and CD8+
   T cells?
   A) Dendritic cells B) Macrophages C) B cells D) Mast cells

Answer 9

A) Dendritic cells

Question 10

10. Which class of MHC molecules presents antigens to CD8+ T cells?
    A) MHC class I B) MHC class II C) MHC class III D) MHC class IV

Answer 10

A) MHC class I

Question 11

11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of memory B cells?
    A) Long-lived B) Rapid response upon re-exposure to antigen C) Produce
    antibodies with higher affinity D) Differentiate into plasma cells during primary
    infection and used to make antibodies

Answer 11

D) Differentiate into plasma cells during primary infection and used to make
antibodies

Question 12

12. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which antibodies neutralize
    pathogens? A) Agglutination B) Precipitation C) Lysis D) Inhibition of adhesion

Answer 12

C) Lysis

Question 13

13. Which cells are responsible for the rejection of transplanted tissues or organs in an adaptive immune response?
    A) Plasma cells B) Regulatory T cells C) Memory T cells D) Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 13

D) Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 14

14. Which class of antibodies can cross the placenta and provide passive immunity
    to the fetus?
    A) IgA B) IgD C) IgG D) IgM

Answer 14

C) IgG

Question 15

15. Which of the following statements about the primary immune response is true?
    A) It occurs more rapidly than the secondary immune response. B) It involves the production of memory cells. C) It is more effective in clearing pathogens than the secondary immune response. D) It does not involve the production of antibodies

Answer 15

B) It involves the production of memory cells

Question 16

16. Which cell type mediates the maturation and activation of B cells in secondary
    lymphoid organs?
    A) Helper T cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) Natural killer cells D) Dendritic cells

Answer 16

A) Helper T cells

Question 17

17. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dendritic cells?
    A) Professional antigen-presenting cells B) Ability to phagocytose pathogens
    C) Expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors D) Primary role in initiating adaptive
    immune responses

Answer 17

C) Expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors

Question 18

18. Which class of MHC molecules presents antigens derived from extracellular
    pathogens?
    A) MHC class I B) MHC class II C) MHC class III D) MHC class IV

Answer 18

B) MHC class II

Question 19

19. Which of the following is a key feature of immunological memory?
    A) Rapid response to primary infection B) Decreased effectiveness upon re-
    exposure to antigen C) Production of antibodies with lower affinity D) Ability to
    mount a stronger and faster response upon re-exposure to antigen

Answer 19

D) Ability to mount a stronger and faster response upon re-exposure to antigen