Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Dependence syndrome

Answer 1

Applied to all substances deemed capable of inducing dependence (tolerance & withdrawal)

Question 2

Substance Use Disorder

Diagnosis

Answer 2

Classified on continuum from mild(2-3 of 11 criteria) to severe (6+)

2 or more criteria within 12 month period

Question 3

List of substances/classes of substance use disorders

Answer 3

Alcohol 
Cannabis
Hallucinogens 
Tabacco
Sedatives (hypnotics or anxiolytics)
Inhalants 
Opioids 
Stimulants 
Other (unknown)

Question 4

Substance dependence

Answer 4

3+ of following:

• compulsion to use
• impaired control over use
• withdrawal symptoms
• tolerance
• preoccupation with substance
• persistent use despite harm

Question 5

Psychosis

Answer 5

11x more likely in regular users of methamphetamine

• 40% major depression
• 44% substance induced depression

Question 6

Suicide

Addiction related

Answer 6

Opioid users 14x more likely

Alcohol use 30-40% of attempts

Question 7

Disease model of addiction

Answer 7

Medical disorder characterised by brain impairment

Loss of control

Question 8

Skog’s choice theory

Answer 8

Change ones mind

Choice is central to theory

Question 9

Brain rewards systems

Answer 9

Dopaminergic reward system

Endogenous opioid system

Question 10

Inhibition dysregulation theory

Answer 10

Impairment of neural system responsible for inhibiting rewarding behaviour

Question 11

Cloninger’s tridimensional personality theory

Answer 11

3 dimensions of personality influence vulnerability

1) -novelty seeking/risk taking & impulsivity
2) - harm avoidance (caution & inhibition)
3) - reward dependence (social cues)

Question 12

Cognitive theories

Addictive Disorders

Answer 12

• Expectancy theory

- Relapse prevention theory

Question 13

PRIME Theory

Answer 13

Plans
Responses
Impulses
Motives
Evaluations

Motivation
Identity & self-awareness

Question 14

Delirium tremens

Answer 14

Symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol

Question 15

Gambling

Answer 15

Agreement between 2+ parties to risk item of value on outcome of event for profit

15% adults regularly gamble
70-90% at some point

Question 16

Gambling disorder

Answer 16

20-40% adolescents
2.1% adults

Comorbidity

• major depression
• substance use
• antisocial personality traits

Cluster B personality disorders

Question 17

Problem gambling

Cognitive errors

Answer 17

Illusion of control 
Gamblers fallacy
Biased evaluation 
Selective recall 
Cognitive regret
Superstitious beliefs and luck
Luck as a personal quality 
Gambling as a source
Illusory correlations

Question 18

Dual diagnosis

Answer 18

Co-occurring mental/psychological disorder and substance use problems

Question 19

Substance withdrawal

Answer 19

Set of physical and psychological disturbance when cease use

Question 20

Substance

Answer 20

Psychoactive substance

Changes perception, thoughts, emotions and behaviour

Question 21

Substance intoxication

Answer 21

Temporary behavioural or psychological changes

Question 22

Addiction

Answer 22

Condition which body must have drug to avoid physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms

Latin addicere (enslaved)

Question 23

Substance related and addictive disorders

Answer 23

Substance related disorders

• substance use disorders
• substance induced disorders (intoxication, withdrawal, substance/medication induced mental disorders)

No substance related disorders
- gambling disorder

Question 24

Alcohol addiction

Answer 24

Affects GABA, dopamine, serotonin
Most dangerous to withdraw from
Most commonly abused substance n Aus

Question 25

Monozygotic twins
Concordance rate
- Addictive disorders

Answer 25

Higher for

Alcohol , cannabis and tabacco

Question 26

Integrated pathways model

Problem gambling

Answer 26

Biological conditioning
Emotional vulnerability
Biological factors