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Y2 Endocrine > Adrenal > Flashcards

Adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

causes of secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency

A

exogenous steroids, hypopituitarism

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2
Q

management of secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency

A

replace hydrocortisone

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3
Q

commonest cause of primary adrenal cortex insufficiency

A

Addison’s disease

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4
Q

are glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids deficient in addison’s disease

A

both mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

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5
Q

is blood glucose elevated or decreased in addison’s

A

decreased

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6
Q

is Na elevated or reduced in addison’s disease

A

reduced

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7
Q

is K elevated or reduced in addison’s disease

A

increased

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8
Q

is ACTH elevated or reduced in addison’s disease

A

elevated

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9
Q

is addison’s disease always autoimmune

A

no

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10
Q

what autoantibody is present in addison’s disease (if autoimmune cause)

A

21 hydroxylase antibody

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11
Q

gender and age most affected by addison’s disease

A

young female

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12
Q

what is seen on the skin in addison’s disease

A

hyperpigmentation of buccal mucosa and palmar creases

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13
Q

classical presentation of addison’s disease

A

weight loss, abdo pain, N&V, salty food craving, dizzy, postural hypotension

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14
Q

1st test for addison’s disease and what is a positive finding

A

short synacthen test; give synthetic ACTH and cortisol doesn’t increase

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15
Q

immediate management of addison’s disease

A

PO hydrocortisone + fluids

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16
Q

risk of suddenly stopping treatment in addison’s disease

A

adrenal crisis

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17
Q

what is the long term management of addison’s disease

A

hydrocortisone + fludrocortisone

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18
Q

what enzyme is deficient in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

21 alpha hydroxylase

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19
Q

is testosterone increased or decreased in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

increased

20
Q

is cortisol increased or decreased in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

decreased

21
Q

is ACTH increased or decreased in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

increased

22
Q

at what age does classical CAH present

A

neonate

23
Q

at what age does non-classical CAH present

A

teenage

24
Q

how does classical CAH present

A

precious puberty in male or ambiguous genitals in female

25
Q

how does non-classical CAH present

A

hirsutism, infertility, menstrual disturbance

26
Q

diagnostic test of non-classical CAH

A

synacthen test

27
Q

management of CAH

A

salt and glucocorticoid replacement +- mineralocorticoid replacement

28
Q

causes of primary aldosteronism

A

conn’s syndrome and adrenal hyperplasia

29
Q

diagnosis of primary aldosteronism

A

aldosterone : renin >750

30
Q

what is conn’s syndrome

A

tumour in zona glomerulosa secreting aldosterone

31
Q

is K increased or decreased in conn’s syndrome

A

decreased

32
Q

is Na increased or decreased in conn’s syndrome

A

increased

33
Q

presentation of conn’s syndrome

A

secondary HTN

34
Q

diagnostic test of conn’s syndrome

A

saline suppression test

35
Q

management of conn’s syndrome

A

lap adrenalectomy

36
Q

is adrenal hyperplasia bilateral or unilateral

A

bilateral

37
Q

is K increased or decreased in adrenal hyperplasia

A

decreased

38
Q

presentation of adrenal hyperplasia

A

secondary HTN

39
Q

management of adrenal hyperplasia

A

spironolactone

40
Q

what effect does adrenal medulla hyperfunction have

A

adrenaline hypersecretion

41
Q

will aldosterone be raised or lowered in addison’s disease

A

lowered

42
Q

management of an addisonian crisis

A

IV hydrocortisone + fluid bolus +- IV glucose

43
Q

is synacthen a suppression or stimulation test

A

stimulation

44
Q

what is involved in a synacthen test

A

give synthetic ACTH and monitor cortisol

45
Q

what is a positive synacthen test

A

cortisol doesn’t increase

Y2 Endocrine (10 decks)

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