ADRs

Question 1

What is a type A ADR?

Answer 1

 Common, predictable reactions
 Dose-related (but may occur @ therapeutic doses)
 Consequence of known pharmacology of the drug

Question 2

What is a type B ADR?

Answer 2

 Rare, idiosyncratic reactions
 Usually not dose-related
 E.g. allergies and pharmacogenetic variations

Question 3

Name 3 long-term ADRs and 2 delayed ADRs

Answer 3

Dependence
Addiction
Tardive dyskinesia

Carcinogensis
Teratogenesis

Question 4

What is a type 1 allergy? eg

Answer 4

Anaphylaxis

eg penicillins, contrast media

Question 5

What is a type 2 allergy?

Answer 5

Cytotoxic antibodies (eg causing haemolysis)
eg penicillins, cephalosporins, methyldopa

Question 6

What is a type 3 allergy?

Answer 6

Immune complexes, serum sickness

eg penicillins, sulphonamides

Question 7

What is a type 4 allergy?

Answer 7

Cell-mediated

eg contact dermatitis, topical abx, antihistamine cream

Question 8

Name 2 pseudoallergies

Answer 8

NSAIDs-> bronchospasm esp if asthmatic

ACEi-> dry cough and angiodema (bradykinin inhibition)

Question 9

What can cause rebound ADRs

Answer 9

Clonidine
Beta-blockers
Corticosteroids

Question 10

What can cause withdrawal ADRs

Answer 10

Opiates
Benzodiazepines
Corticosteroids

Question 11

What 3 drugs can cause photosensitivity?

Answer 11

Amiodarone
Thiazides
Sulfonylureas

Question 12

Name 6 drugs that can cause hepatocellular damage

Answer 12

Paracetamol
Valproate/phenytoin/carbamazepine
Halothane
Methotrexate
Statins
Pyrazinamide (TB)

Question 13

Name 3 drugs that can cause thrombocytopenia

Answer 13

Valproate
Salicylates
Chloroquine

Question 14

Name 4 drugs that cause peripheral neuropathy

Answer 14

Vincristine (cytotoxic)
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Penicillamine

Question 15

What drugs can cause SIADH

Answer 15

Carbemezapine
Cyclophosphamide
Chlorpropamide (sulfonylurea)
SSRI
TCAs