Adult Heart Flashcards
Weight gain to report
three to five pounds or more within one week
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) diagnostic test
confirmed by an elevation of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- increased risk for pulmonary edema
- tachypnea
- hypoxia
- tachycardia
Cardiac Output formula
CO = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)
Complication of acute pericarditis
cardiac tamponade
Minimize complications in tPA therapy
- Implementing bleeding precautions
- avoiding invasive procedures
- caution with anticoagulant medications
Unexpected manifestation of atrial fibrillation
- Blurred vision
- may be sign of stroke
Heart structure
- double pump
- 4 chambers, 4 valves
- conduction begins in right atrium
- SA>AV>bundle of his>left and right bundle branches>Purkije fibers
Blood flow of heart
Try Pulling My Arm
Superior and Inferior vena cavas →
→ Right atrium →
→ Tricuspid valve →
→ Right ventricle →
→ Pulmonary valve →
→ Pulmonary artery →
→ Lungs →
→ Pulmonary veins →
→ Left atrium →
→ Mitral valve →
→ Left ventricle →
→ Aortic valve →
→ Aorta →
→ Systemic circulation
Vena Cava → RA → TV → RV → PValve → PA → Lungs → PVein → LA → MV → LV → Aorta
Varicose veins management
✓ Wear compression hose/stockings
✓ Keep the legs elevated to promote venous return
Left-sided heart failure
- orthopnea (Shortness of breath when lying flat)
- pulmonary congestion
- productive cough
- fatigue
- acute confusion
- S3 gallop
systolic
Right-sided heart failure
- ascites
- anorexia
- nausea
- jugular venous distention
- weight gain
- peripheral edema
- S4 gallop
diastolic
S3 gallop
- expected finding in heart failure
Increased intracranial pressure finding
- widened pulse pressure
Cardiac output (CO)
- volume pumped by the heart over one minute
- CO = HR x SV
Preload
- “filling pressure”
- volume being returned to the heart
- blood in ventricles
- end of diastole
- measured by central venous pressure (CVP 4-8mmHg)