Advance Definitions

Question 1

Demand Characterisitcs

Answer 1

Can change the outcome of an experiment because participants are expected to behave. -When subjects pick up cues during an experiment and modify their behavior; thereby possibly altering the study results.

Question 2

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 2

Studying spontaneous behavior or participants in natural surroundings.

Question 3

Hedonic Principle

Answer 3

Our brain runs towards pleasure and avoids pain.

Question 4

Display Rules

Answer 4

A social group or cultures informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions used as a way to protect the feelings of oneself or others.

Question 5

The Modern Two- Factor Theory of Emotions

Answer 5

Two Factors: Physiological arousal & cognitive label. An emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal.

Question 6

Rule of Parsimony

Answer 6

Tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence. The best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes.

Question 7

Drive & Drive Reduction Theory

Answer 7

focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. In this theory, Hull proposed a person’s behavior is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies.

Question 8

Universality Hypothesis

Answer 8

Focuses on people’s abilities to recognize spontaneous facial expressions as they occur naturally.

Question 9

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 9

Regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness– motives that can also produce emotional disorders; developed by Freud. How human behavior and feelings and emotions and how they might relate to early experience.

Question 10

Dynamic Unconsciousness

Answer 10

Active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces.

Question 11

Bio-psychosocial Perspective

Answer 11

Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological, and school factors. – Different individuals may experience a similar psychologic disorder for different reasons.