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AEDs > AEDs > Flashcards

AEDs Flashcards

1
Q

Phenobarbital - MOA

A
  • GABA a agonist

- prolongs opening of Cl channels

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2
Q

Phenobarbital - SE

A
  • mood changes (depression)
  • sedation
  • Dupuytren contracture
  • decreased bone density
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3
Q

Primidone - MOA

A
  • Hepatic P450 inducer

- Converted in the liver into phenobarbital and PEMA (phenylethylmalonamide)

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4
Q

Primidone - SE

A
  • sedation
  • mood changes (depression)
  • decreased bone density
  • toxic effect: nausea, vomiting, ataxia, dizziness
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5
Q

Phenytoin - MOA

A
  • Hepatic P450 inducer
  • sodium channel blocker: binds to ACTIVE state of sodium channel to prolong its fast inactivated state (therefore reduces high frequency firing)
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6
Q

Phenytoin - SE

A
  • IV: purple glove syndrome, hypotension, arrhythmia, burning pain, cellulitis
  • Toxic: ataxia, incoordination, nystagmus, dysarthria, diplopia
  • ginger hyperplasia
  • osteoporosis
  • SJS
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • cerebellum atrophy
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7
Q

Carbamazepine - MOA

A
  • Hepatic P450 inducer (induces its own metabolism)
  • sodium channel blocker: binds to ACTIVE state of sodium channel to prolong its fast inactivated state (therefore reduces high frequency firing)
  • Important metabolite—> carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (levels increase with VALPORIC ACID)
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8
Q

Carbamazepine - SE

A
  • nausea
  • Toxic: blurred vision, ataxia, diplopia, TREMOR
  • hyponatremia
  • decreased bone density
  • weight gain
  • SJS, toxic epidermal necrolysis HLA-B1502 allele, Asian decent
  • heptatotoxicity
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9
Q

Oxcarbazepine - MOA

A

-Binds to sodium channel, inhibiting high frequency firing (just like phenytoin and
carbamazepine)
-Converted to active metabolite licarbazepine
-Protein binding not important (unlike Carbamazepine)

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10
Q

Oxcarbazepine - SE

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Higher doses as per carbamazepine
  • Hyponatremia
  • Rash
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11
Q

Eslicarabazepine - MOA

A
  • Active metabolite S-licarabazepine

- Blockers sodium channel and stabilizes inactive state

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12
Q

Eslicarabazepine - SE

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Higher doses as per carbamazepine
  • Hyponatremia
  • Rash
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13
Q

Valporic Acid - MOA

A
  • Hepatic P450 inhibitor
  • GABA potentiation
  • Blocking T type Ca channels
  • Blocking sodium channels
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14
Q

Valporic Acid - SE

A
  • weight gain
  • tremor
  • teratogenic (decreased IQ, cleft palate, neural tube defects, cardiovascular malformations)
  • pancreatitis!
  • sedation
  • hair loss
  • hepatotoxicity
  • THROMBOCYTOPENIA
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15
Q

Ethosuxsimide - MOA

A

Blocks T type calcium channels

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16
Q

Ethosuxsimide - SE

A 
Nausea/Vomiting
Anorexia
SJS
SLE
thrombocytopenia
autoimmune thyroiditis
agranulocytosis
17
Q

Benzodiazepine - MOA

A

GABA a receptor, increasing frequency of GABA medicated Cl channel

18
Q

Benodiazepine - SE

A 
Sedation
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Dysarthria
Unsteadiness
19
Q

Gabapentin-MOA

A

Binds to voltage gated Ca channels therefore reduces influx of calcium

Focal ONLY

20
Q

Gabapentin SE

A 
Exacerbates myoclonus 
Drowsiness
Fatigue 
Weight gain
Ataxia
21
Q

Pregabalin MOA

A

Binds to voltage-gated calcium channels, reduces influx of calcium and associated
neurotransmitter release

Focal only

22
Q

Pregabalin SE

A 
Exacerbates myoclonus and absence seizures 
Drowsiness
Fatigue 
Weight gain
Peripheral edema
23
Q

Lamotrigine MOA

A

Sodium channel blocker (binds to active state of sodium channel to prolong its fast
inactivated state)

24
Q

Lamotrigine SE

A 
Dizziness
Blurred vision 
SJS
Diplopia 
Unsteadiness 
Tremor
N/V 
Headache
25
Q

Topiramate MOA

A

AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist
Increasing GABA activity
Voltage gated sodium channel blocker

26
Q

Topiramate SE

A 
Cognitive slowing
Decreased attention
Word finding difficulties
Reduced verbal fluency
Fatigue
Sedation
Ataxia
Depression
Kidney stones
Glaucoma
Transient paraesthesias
Weight loss
Increased birth defects—> Ie oral clefts
27
Q

Levetiracetam MOA

A

Binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A—> decrease in neurotransmitter release in state of neuronal hyperactivation

28
Q

Levetiracetam SE

A

Somnolence
Dizziness
Mood changes
Lack of energy/strength

29
Q

Brivaracetam MOA

A

Binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A but 20 fold higher affinity and higher brain
permeability than Keppra

Metabolized in RENAL

30
Q

Brivaracetam SE

A

Irritability

Fatigue Dizziness Somnolence

31
Q

Lacosamide MOA

A

Blocks sodium channels, enhancing slow inactivation (unlike others which enhance fast
sodium channel inactivation)

Focal

32
Q

Lacosamide SE

A 
Dizziness
Diplopia
Fatigue
N/V
Prolong PR interval
33
Q

Vigabatrin MOA

A

Irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, resulting in accumulation of GABA

Focal
Infantile spasms
Worsens myoclonic and absence seizures

34
Q

Vigabatrin SE

A 
Progressive and permanent bilateral concentric visual field constriction
Ataxia
Dizziness
Fatigue 
Irritability 
Sedation
35
Q

Rufinamide MOA

A

Sodium channel blocker

36
Q

Rufinamide SE

A 
Dizziness
Fatigue
Somnolence
N/V
Shortening of QT interva
37
Q

Perampanel MOA

A

Noncompetitive AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist

38
Q

Perampanel SE

A

Dizziness
Ataxia
Somnolence Aggression/hostility

AEDs (1 decks)

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