Aeromedical Factors and ADM

Question 1

Which statement best defines hypoxia?

a. A state of oxygen deficiency in the body.
b. An abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed.
c. A condition of gas bubble formation around the joints or muscles.

Answer 1

a. A state of oxygen deficiency in the body.

Question 2

Which is not a type of hypoxia?

a. Histotoxic
c. Hypoxic
c. Hypertoxic

Answer 2

c. Hypertoxic

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct response to counteract the feelings of hypoxia in flight?

a. Promptly descend to a lower altitude.
b. Increase cabin air flow.
c. Avoid sudden inhalations.

Answer 3

a. Promptly descend to a lower altitude.

Question 4

A pilot making a blood donation in order to help a sick associate should be aware that for several weeks:

a. Sufficient oxygen may not reach the cells in the body.
c. Fewer oxygen molecules will be available to the respiratory membranes.
c. The ability of the body tissues to effectively use oxygen is decreased.

Answer 4

a. Sufficient oxygen may not reach the cells in the body.

Question 5

A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by:

a. Closely monitoring the flight instruments to control the airplane.
b. Slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud.
c. Increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation.

Answer 5

b. Slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud.

Question 6

Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as:

a. Hyperventilation.
b. Aerosinusitis.
c. Aerotitis.

Answer 6

a. Hyperventilation.

Question 7

When a stressful situation is encountered in flight, an abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out can cause a condition known as:

a. Hyperventilation.
b. Aero sinusitis.
c. Aero titis.

Answer 7

a. Hyperventilation.

Question 8

Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?

a. Emotional tension, anxiety, or fear.
b. The excessive consumption of alcohol.
c. An extremely slow rate of breathing and insufficient oxygen.

Answer 8

a. Emotional tension, anxiety, or fear.

Question 9

A pilot experiencing the effects of hyperventilation should be able to restore the proper carbon dioxide level in the body by:

a. slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud.
b. breathing spontaneously and deeply or gaining mental control of the situation.
c. increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation.

Answer 9

a. slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud.

Question 10

Which is a common symptom of hyperventilation?

a. Tingling sensations.
b. Visual acuity.
c. Decreased breathing rate.

Answer 10

a. Tingling sensations.

Question 11

Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if

a. they ignore the sensations of muscles and inner ear.
b. visual cues are taken away, as they are in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
c. eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking the flight instrument.

Answer 11

b. visual cues are taken away, as they are in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).

Question 12

Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if:

a. they ignore the sensations of muscles and inner ear.
b. body signals are used to interpret flight attitude.
c. eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking instruments.

Answer 12

b. body signals are used to interpret flight attitude.

Question 13

If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to:

a. rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.
b. concentrate on yaw, pitch, and roll sensations.
c. consciously slow the breathing rate until symptoms clear and then resume normal breathing rate.

Answer 13

a. rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.

Question 14

A lack of orientation with regards to the position, attitude, or movement of the aircraft in space is defined as:

a. spatial disorientation.
b. hyperventilation.
c. hypoxia.

Answer 14

a. spatial disorientation.

Question 15

A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as:

a. spatial disorientation
b. hyperventilation.
c. hypoxia.

Answer 15

a. spatial disorientation

Question 16

The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by:

a. shifting the eyes quickly between the exterior visual field and the instrument panel.
b. having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs.
c. leaning the body in the opposite direction of the motion of the aircraft.

Answer 16

b. having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs.

Question 17

Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight and level flight?

a. systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.
b. concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area.
c. continuous sweeping of the windshield from right to left.

Answer 17

a. systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.

Question 18

What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?

a. haze causes the eyes to focus at infinity.
b. the eyes tend to overwork in haze and do not detect relative movement easily.
c. all traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance.

Answer 18

c. all traffic or terrain features appear to be father away than their actual distance.

Question 19

What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?

a. wear sunglasses after sunset until ready for flight.
b. avoid red lights at least 30 minutes before the flight.
c. avoid bright white lights at least 30 minutes before the flight.

Answer 19

c. avoid bright white lights at least 30 minutes before the flight.

Question 20

What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?

a. look only at far away, dim lights.
b. scan slowly to permit off-center viewing.
c. concentrate directly on each object for a few seconds.

Answer 20

b. scan slowly to permit off-center viewing.

Question 21

The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to:

a. look to the side of the object and scan slowly.
b. scan the visual field very rapidly.
c. look to the side of the object and scan rapidly.

Answer 21

a. look to the side of the object and scan slowly.

Question 22

The illusion associated with landing on a narrower than usual runway may result in the pilot flying a:

a. lower approach with the risk of striking objects along the approach path or landing short.
b. slower approach with the risk of reducing airspeed below VSO or landing hard.
c. higher approach with the risk of leveling out high and landing hard or overshooting the runway.

Answer 22

a. lower approach with the risk of striking objects along the approach path or landing short.

Question 23

Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in:

a. tightness across the forehead.
b. loss of muscular power.
c. an increased sense of well being.

Answer 23

b. loss of muscular power.

Question 24

Susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as:

a. altitude increases.
b. altitude decreases.
c. air pressure increases.

Answer 24

a. altitude increases.

Question 25

What is a correct response if an exhaust leak were to be detected while in flight?

a. increase altitude so the effects of CO would be decreased.
b. take deep breaths so as to inhale more oxygen.
c. open air vents or windows.

Answer 25

c. open air vents or windows.

Question 26

Effects of carbon monoxide poisoning include:

a. dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of muscle power.
b. sweating, increased breathing, and paleness.
c. motion sickness, tightness across the forehead, and drowsiness.

Answer 26

a. dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of muscle power.

Question 27

Risk management, as part of the aeronautical decision making process relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?

a. application of stress management and risk element procedures.
b. the mental process of analyzing all information in a particular situation and making a timely decision on what action to take.
c. situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgement.

Answer 27

c. situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgement.

Question 28

What is it often called when a pilot pushes his or her capabilities and the aircraft’s limits by trying to maintain visual contact with the terrain in low visibility and ceiling?

a. scud running.
b. mindset.
b. peer pressure.

Answer 28

a. scud running.

Question 29

What often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground/obstacles when flying under Visual Flight Rules?

a. continual flight into instrument conditions.
b. getting behind the aircraft.
c. duck-under syndrome.

Answer 29

a. continual flight into instrument conditions.

Question 30

What is one of the neglected items when a pilot riles on short and long term memory for repetitive tasks?

a. checklists.
b. situational awareness.
c. flying outside the envelope.

Answer 30

a. checklists.

Question 31

Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degrees at some time. what are some of these hazardous attitudes?

a. antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability.
b. poor situational awareness, snap judgements, and lack of decision making process.
c. poor risk management and lack of stress management.

Answer 31

a. antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability.

Question 32

In the aeronautical decision making process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

a. recognizing hazardous thoughts.
b. recognizing the invulnerability of the situation.
c. making a rational judgement.

Answer 32

a. recognizing hazardous thoughts.

Question 33

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as “antiauthority”?

a. rules do not apply in this situation.
b. I know what I am doing.
c. follow the rules.

Answer 33

c. follow the rules.

Question 34

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude such as “impulsivity”

a. it could happen to me.
b. do it quickly to get it over with.
c. not so fast, think first.

Answer 34

c. not so fast, think first.

Question 35

What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of “invulnerability”?

a. it cannot be that bad.
b. it could happen to me.
c. it will not happen to me.

Answer 35

b. it could happen to me.

Question 36

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as “Macho”?

a. I can do it.
b. taking chances is foolish.
c. nothing will happen.

Answer 36

b. taking chances is foolish.

Question 37

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as “resignation”?

a. what is the use.
b. someone else is responsible.
c. I am not helpless.

Answer 37

c. I am not helpless.

Question 38

Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?

a. the FAA.
b. the medical examiner.
c. the pilot.

Answer 38

c. the pilot.

Question 39

What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?

a. structural failure.
b. mechanical malfunction.
c. human error.

Answer 39

c. human error.

Question 40

What antidotal phrase can help revere the hazardous attitude of impulsivity?

a. do it quickly to get it over with.
b. it could happen to me.
c. not so fast, think first.

Answer 40

c. not so fast, think first.

Question 41

The most important key to risk management is:

a. understanding pilot predisposition.
b. management of external pressures.
b. the sense of security provided by experience.

Answer 41

b. management of external pressures.

Question 42

One purpose of crew resource management is to give crews tools to:

a. recognize and mitigate hazards.
b. maintain currency with regulations.
c. reduce the need for outside resources.

Answer 42

a. recognize and mitigate hazards.