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F966/02 > African Americans > Flashcards

African Americans Flashcards

0
Q

Radical republicans

A

Thaddeus Stevens
Believed that blacks were a vital part of the American economy - believed everyone had the right to follow the American dream.

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1
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

1865-1869
Very negative president.
Wanted to readmit southern states to the union.
Issued pardons to southern rebels.
Operated in the times of the radical republicans in congress and an impeachment attempt was made.
Didn’t do much to oppose black codes in 1866.

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2
Q

Frederick Douglas

A

Early African American leader with limited impact.

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3
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Set up by the federal government in 1865 in order to support freed slaves. Not supported by the the president.
Closed in 1872 due to dwindling numbers and lack of support from radical republicans in congress.
After bureau closed the fear of violence was real and prevented AAs from imitating their own changes.

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4
Q

Early African American voting.

A

Initially was hopeful and republicans won support from blacks.
Black codes and physical violence stopped blacks from voting in the south.

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5
Q

The compromise.

A

1877.

Ended the federal protection of the south by withdrawing troops.

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6
Q

Figures for black land ownership in the early period.

A

3 million acres of land - 1875

15 million acres of land - 1915

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7
Q

Economic situation of blacks 1877-1915

A 
Development of black parallel business began some sort of independence from sharecropping and a black middle class began to develop.
Ghettos formed by those migrating north.
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8
Q

Jim Crow laws.

A

1876-1965
State legalised segregation.
Part of an idea of social Darwinism (whites>all)

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9
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

1896 - separate but equal. Set a legal precedent.

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10
Q

Early development of black voting in the south.

A

Grandfather clauses + literacy tests removed black voting rights.
Supported by Mississippi v. Williams 1896 rules grandfather clauses legal.

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11
Q

Thedore Roosevelt

A

Passing interest in AA civil rights.

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12
Q

President Taft

A

Passing interest in AA civil rights.

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13
Q

Ida. B wells

A

1884 - challenged the ideas around lynching and had to move to New York for fear of her life.

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14
Q

Booker T Washington

A

Self help/accommodation Atlanta speech: 1895
Set up the Tuskegee institute : 1881 to educate freedmen
Criticised by du bois.

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15
Q

Du bois

A

Niagara movement : 1905

Springfield race riot 1908 -> formation of the NAACP 1909

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16
Q

World War 1

A

Increased employment opportunities in the north - increased northern migration
Blacks experienced integrated society abroad
1914

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17
Q

Race riots in Chicago

A

1919

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18
Q

Black consciousness

A

Acute awareness and emphasis on AA heritage and background

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19
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

1920 burst of popularity of black arts

  • black pride
  • black middle class developing
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20
Q

Markus Garvey

A

1914
Universal negro improvement association - UNIA
Return to Africa
Elitist
Popular movement 1921 - up to 75,000 members
Black eagle star steamship line - supported black business although was unsuccessful
Racial identity - pan African philosophy
Negro world - 1918 popular publication

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21
Q

Revival of the ku klux klan

A

1915
Less focused on blacks after 1922
Glorified birth of the nation 1915 - supported by Woodrow Wilson

22
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

1927 won AA support but actively attempted to elect a racist SC judge (blocked by congress)

23
Q

Franklin d Roosevelt

A

1932
Involved in the new deal
Southern democrats in congress blocked progress
New deal helped AA to some extent however black employment remained high

24
Q

Overturned death sentence for 12 blacks

A

Moore v. Dempsey 1923

25
Q

All legal options gone before a case goes before the Supreme Court.

A

Trudeau.v. Barnes 1933 - highlighted slow work of the NAACP

26
Q

Separate but equal must be equal.

A

Gaines v. Canada 1938

27
Q

World war 2

A

Black migration to North increased dramatically

28
Q

Highlighted racial tensions after during ww2

A

Detroit race riots 1943

29
Q

Group against segregation in the north

A

CORE 1942

30
Q

President Truman

A

Presidents committee on civil rights - 1946

Desegregated the military - executive order 9961- 1948

31
Q

Outlawed the all white primary.

A

Smith v. Allright 1944

32
Q

Brown v. Board of education

A

1954

33
Q

Liberal sc judge who oversaw the brown decision.

A

Earl warren

34
Q

Emmett till

A

1955 - attitudes and frequency to racial violence changing

35
Q

First independent states rights candidate.

A

Strom Thurmond - 1948

36
Q

Aimed to maintain segregation after brown

A

White citizens councils (1955)

37
Q

Little rock

A

1957 - Eisenhower intervenes due to Faubus’ dereliction of duty

38
Q

Montgomery bus boycotts

A

1955

39
Q

Segregation of buses unconstitutional

A

Browder v. Gayle 1956

40
Q

Founding of SNCC

A

Ella baker - 1969

41
Q

Freedom rides

A

1961 - white positive sentiment increases.

42
Q

Outlawed segregation on all inter state travel facilities

A

Boynton v. Virginia 1960

43
Q

Birmingham protest

A

1963 - Bull Connor overreaction

44
Q

Failed campaign due to lack of police reaction.

A

Alberny- 1964

45
Q

March on Washington

A

1963

46
Q

Civil rights act

A

1964

47
Q

Voting rights act

A

1965

48
Q

Highlighted but did not fix the problems in this major city

A

1966 Chicago campaign

49
Q

Affirmative action constitutional

A

Griggs v duke power company 1971

50
Q

Stopped court ordered bussing

A

Milliken v. Bradley 1974

51
Q

Affirmative action unconstitutional

A

Regents of the university of California v. Baake 1978

52
Q

Reflected the weakness of congress due to southern democrats

A

1957 - civil rights act

53
Q

14th amendment did not affect the policing powers of the state.

A

Slaughterhouse cases 1873 - black codes

F966/02 (3 decks)

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