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Social Studies Finals > After American Revolution > Flashcards

After American Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What was put into the constitution to allow for the changing needs of society?

A

The elastic clause. Amendments and Implied Powers Clause. Congress can make all laws that they deem necessary and proper.

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2
Q

What are Natural Rights?

A

The rights that everyone is born with. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (property). Given in Declaration of Independence from John Locke.

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3
Q

What part of the Constitution gives power to the people?

A

The preamble and first three words “We the people…”

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4
Q

What was the purpose of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?

A

To convince the colonists to break away from England.

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5
Q

What exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

A

Shays Rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the AOC of being unable to raise an army (and tax).

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6
Q

What was the proclamation line of 1763

A

Stated colonists had to stay east of the Appalachian Mts in order to avoid conflict with the Native Americans.

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7
Q

Why did the colonists boycott British goods?

A

To show opposition to the unfair taxes being placed on them from Great Britain

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8
Q

What is Mercantilism?

A

Colonies exist to benefit the mother country by providing raw materials which the Mother Country turns into manufactured good and then resells the products to the colonies.

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9
Q

How has the Declaration of Independence influenced other countries?

A

It has provided a framework for countries seeking independence from unjust governments.

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10
Q

Where did the Articles of Confederation place all the power? Why?

A

The state governments because the people feared a strong central government.

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11
Q

Why did the writers of the Constitution decide to give congress the power to tax?

A

In order to correct a weakness under the Articles of Confederation.

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12
Q

What was the Great Compromise? NJ Plan? Virginia Plan?

A

It was a compromise between large and small states in regards to taxation and representation. NJ Plan was for the small states and gave everyone an equal number of representatives (2) and created the senate. The VA plan was for large states and based representation on population leading to the House of Reps.

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13
Q

What is a bicameral legislature?

A

A two chamber government, known as congress and is seen in the Legislative branch.

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14
Q

What are the Constitutional Compromises?

A

The Great Compromise, the ⅗ compromise, The bill of rights, slavery, electoral college.

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15
Q

Who are the Federalists? Who are the Anti-Federalists?

A

Federalists- Support a strong central government and want to ratify the Constitution
Anti-Federalists- Fear a strong central government and want to protect individual liberties. They are against the ratification of the Constitution. Only agree to constitution after the Bill of Rights is added

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16
Q

What protects our individual liberties in the Constitution?

A

The Bill of Rights

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17
Q

What is Federalism?

A

Also known as the the Federal System, it is the separate and shared powers between the Federal and State Governments.

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18
Q

What is the House of Reps and how are representatives decided?

A

A representative body in our Legislative branch which is decided by a states population.

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19
Q

What is separation of powers?

A

It is where each branch has a specific role in our government. Prevents any branch from getting too powerful. Legislative- Writes Laws, Executive-Enforces Laws, Judicial-interprets laws and rules them constitutional or unconstitutional.

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20
Q

What is checks and balances?

A

Prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful by allowing the other branches to stop the progress of the other two by “checking” them. An example would be a Presidential Veto on a law passed by congress. Or the legislative branch impreaching the president.

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21
Q

Describe the Nation’s economy after the Revolutionary war? Which leader had to deal with this problem?

A

High National Debt, George Washington was left with this problem

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22
Q

What rebellion occurred during Washington’s presidency? What did it show?

A

Whiskey Rebellion, it showed we would enforce our laws

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23
Q

When did Washington warn about Political Parties and permanent alliances?

A

Farewell Address

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24
Q

What is a precedent? What were Washington’s Precedents?

A

A precedent is an unwritten law that helps people deal with unfamiliar situations.
1. Mr. President
2. 2 Four Year Terms
3. Formation of a Cabinet

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25
Q

Who opposed the National Bank? Who supported it? What did this lead to?

A

Thomas Jefferson opposed it. Alexander Hamilton supported it. Led to political parties, Democratic Republicans against it, Federalists are for a national bank.

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26
Q

What were the Democratic Republican beliefs?

A

Strong state gov’t, strict interpretation of the Constitution, state banks

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27
Q

What were the Federalists beliefs?

A

See Political Parties Notes on Google Classroom

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28
Q

Who were these parties trying to convince?

A

George Washington

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29
Q

What was the XYZ affair?

A

A demand from the french for the Americans to pay a bribe in order to stop impressment of American sailors.

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30
Q

What made purchasing the Louisiana territory difficult? Who explored it? What were they looking for?

A

Thomas Jefferson did not have the constitutional authority to do it. Lewis and Clark explored it, They were looking for a North West Waterway.

31
Q

What were the causes and effects of the Embargo Act?

A

Causes: Britain and France are stealing American ships and practicing policies of impressment
Effect: Hurt American economy way more than Britain and France, led to unemployment.

32
Q

Who were the midnight appointments & what did it lead to? What did Marbury vs Madison establish, and what does it mean they can do? Where did it say the Supreme Court got its power from?

A

The midnight appointments were John Adams last minute appointments of judges but could not deliver all of them during his last month of presidency. Jefferson, who was from the opposite political party had to deliver the last appointment. When he refused this led to the case Marbury vs Madison which established the precedent of Judicial Review. Judicial Review is the principle that the supreme court has the right to declare laws constitutional or unconstitutional. The Supreme Court gets their power from the Constitution.

33
Q

What does Laissez-Faire mean?

A

It means hands off government. Government doesn’t interfere with business.

34
Q

Forcing some to serve in your navy is called?

A

Impressment

35
Q

What were the causes of the War of 1812?

A

War Hawks
Impressment
Embargo Act
British Arming Natives out West

36
Q

What is a War Hawk?

A

Someone who is pro-war

37
Q

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? How did the states respond?

A

Limited free speech of foreign born Americans. States responded with Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions which declared the right for states to be able to nullify a federal law if they deem it unconstitutional.

38
Q

What does nullify mean?

A

States can overturn a federal law that they deem to be unconstitutional.

39
Q

How did Andrew Jackson become famous?

A

The Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812

40
Q

What were the effects of the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Full Control Mississippi River
Full Control Port of New Orleans
The Great Plains
Doubled the Size of US

41
Q

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

To get rid of European influence in America.

42
Q

What was the spoils system?

A

When Andrew Jackson hired people that supported him in his campaign in the election of when he became president instead of government officials who were experienced.

43
Q

What are the 5 themes of geography?

A

Movement
Region
Human Environment Interaction
Location
Place

44
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

The prevention of European interference with the Western Hemisphere and prevention of European Colonies in the Americas.

45
Q

What happened in the election of 1824?

A
  1. Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy Adams
    1. Andrew Jackson wins the plurality of popular and electoral vote but does not win presidency
46
Q

What happened in the Election of 1828?

A
  1. Jackson- Democratic Republicans were for state rights.
    1. Quincy Adams- National Republicans were for strong central government.
      a. examples of sectionalism.
    2. First time Mudslinging is used
      a. an attempt to ruin your opponent’s reputation
    3. Andrew Jackson becomes President
47
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Paid Natives to move west to Oklahoma because colonists wanted their land.
b. Cherokee Natives of Georgia refused to leave because of previous agreement with US gov’t
1. they brought their case to Supreme Court
a.they won their case Worcester (wuster) v. Georgia
2. Gov’t convinces Cherokee members to sign a treaty
giving up their land.
3. 7,000 Cherokee members opposed but US Army forced removal to Oklahoma (trail of tears).

48
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Movement from people from farms to mills. First female industrial workers Lowell Girls. Spinning Jenny and Cotton Gin.

49
Q

Age of Reform

A

Abolition started to form through books and speeches and riots. People tried to save slaves by getting them to fight but they didn’t want to because they didn’t understand.

50
Q

Women’s Suffrage Movement

A

Many abolitionists worked for this movement as well.

51
Q

Who was Andrew Jackson? What branch was he apart of and what was he know for?

A

Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United states. He was apart of the executive branch and was known for being the “people’s president”. He’s overusing his power and extending the power of the executive branch.

52
Q

What was the Second National Bank? How did Jackson feel about it?

A

The Second National Bank was the people’s second attempt at having a bank for all of the States combined that would assume all of their debts, that was run by private bankers, encouraged over speculation of land, and made the rich richer and the poor poorer. Jackson was completely against the Second National Bank and vetoed it.

53
Q

Who was Jackson before the White House? What part of the country did he come from?

A

Jackson was a Military General who lead the army in the Battle of New Orleans before living in the White House and represented “the common man”. He lived in the southern-western (midwest) part of the country, which was poorer side, due to it being populated by the working class; farmers.

54
Q

What was the Trail of Tears?

A

The Trail of Tears is when colonists paid Native Americans to move west to Oklahoma so that the colonists could obtain their land and gold. Eventually the colonists kept pushing them out of their homes, forcefully at that, which they refused but were forced away so much, that their entire population was in shambles. It was named so, for those who died because of it.

55
Q

What was the Cotton Gin? Who invented it? How did it affect America?

A

The Cotton Gin was a machine that was invented by Eli Whitney to easily separate cotton fluff from its seeds. This gave major cash for the South, revolutionized the textile industry, and increased slavery because cotton became easier to get and more valuable.

56
Q

What was the Mexican Cession? What was used to justify the War with Mexico? What did the United States acquire?

A

The Mexican Cession was when Mexico ceded their land, New Mexico and California, to the US for 15 million dollars. The US’s justification for the war was border disputes and Manifest Destiny, in which it was the US’s destiny/fate to have all of the continent’s land as their own.

57
Q

How did roads and turnpikes affect America?

A

Roads and Turnpikes affected America by making transportation a lot easier to transport people and goods even if they had to pay a bit to use, which helped lead to an economic boom.

58
Q

What was the Monroe Doctrine? What was it’s purpose?

A

The Monroe Doctrine was a document that states any new European colonizations will be viewed as an act of war. It’s purpose was to limit European control/influence in the Americas.

59
Q

What were the benefits of the Louisiana Purchase?

A

The benefits if the Louisiana purchase were that it doubled the size of the US, and gave the US control of the Mississippi River, Port of New Orleans, and The Great Plains.

60
Q

What were the impacts of the Gold Rush on California?

A

The impacts of the Gold Rush on California were that it became a Boomtown in no time and had so many people populating the area because of the gold mines, everyone with different cultures;mixing pot, it produced lots of profit for merchants and store owners, made a demand for stronger jeans, thus the Levi Strauss Jeans, this helped California become a free state, and balance the fight over slavery and no slavery.

61
Q

As the United States expanded westward what dilemma did the new territories face when being added to the United States?

A

As the United States expanded westward they began to have problems with their new territories, such as fights with the natives who had lived on that land and making them move elsewhere, protecting such a large area of land, and figuring out what exactly was out. As well as unbalances having to do with slave states.

62
Q

Why did Americans move to Texas? What did the government offer?

A

Americans moved to Texas because they were offered land grants to people with families as long as they obeyed Texan laws.

63
Q

What was the Spoils System?

A

The Spoils System is when a president who enters office fires all previous employees working in the government who are against them and fill in their empty positions by hiring a bunch of their supporters.

64
Q

What were the motives for the Age of Exploration?

A

The motives for the Age of Exploration were God/Religion, Gold, and Glory, Adventure, and Wealth (trade routes/spices).

65
Q

What caused Britain to have a large financial burden after the French and Indian War?

A

The war was very expensive due to all of the equipment, supplies they used to win the fight as well. The land they gained wasn’t even fully settled after they won the war, so they tried to make up for this lost by over taxing the colonists.

66
Q

What was the Oregon Trail?

A

2,000 mile journey, in wagons to Oregon territory.

67
Q

Who were the Mountain Men?

A

Who were the Mountain Men?
Men who harvested beaver pelts for money in the Rocky Mts (west), and learned the ways of the Native Americans by staying around them and being taught by them. As well as paved the Oregon Trail.

68
Q

What was the turning point of the Revolutionary War and Why?

A

The turning point of the Revolutionary War was the Battle of Saratoga because it was a distinct battle that proved that the Americans were strong enough to win and it’s when the French joined the battle with their Navy.

69
Q

Andrew Jackson went against the Constitution with the Trail of Tears when he

A

went against the Supreme Court who claimed this to be unconstitutional.

70
Q

Five causes of the Westward Movement were:

A

Manifest Destiny
2. Mining oppurtunities
More freedom with dealing with foreign powers
availibility of cheap land
US wanting to make the country stronger

71
Q

Five effects of the Westward Movement were:

A
  1. More natural resources
  2. Angry Native Americans
  3. Gold rush
  4. Wars
  5. Less countries had land in the western hemisphere
72
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, discussed the injustice of slavery through making up a story that could realisticly happen in that time period to be more relatable and make people more worried about slavery.

73
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

California was a free state to please the North. Stronger Fugitive SLave Act to please the South. Outrage in the North because the number of slave and free states were uneven.

74
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

Lincoln and Douglas had debates over slavery and what they thought would be best for the Union.

Social Studies Finals (3 decks)

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